目的分析内蒙古自治区（内蒙古）鄂尔多斯长爪沙鼠鼠疫疫源地（疫源地）蚤类的组成、空间分布和分离鼠疫耶尔森菌（鼠疫菌）的情况,为当地鼠疫防控提供依据。方法收集2014－2022年内蒙古鄂尔多斯高原长爪沙鼠疫源地5个旗（区）的鼠体表寄生蚤类的监测数据,使用Excel 2019软件进行数据处理,ArcGIS 10.5软件绘制地图,对不同年代、不同地区蚤的种类、数量及其感染鼠疫情况进行统计分析。结果共获蚤类4科9属14种17 010匹。各年度获蚤4～11种,年均获蚤8.30种。各年度获蚤563～3 158匹,年均获蚤1 890匹,其中,同形客蚤指名亚种和秃病蚤为优势蚤种。长爪沙鼠年均染蚤率为33.48%,蚤指数为0.92,杭锦旗蚤指数最高,乌审旗蚤指数最低。有4个年度从2个旗（区）的3种125匹蚤中分离出鼠疫菌19株。结论近年来,鄂尔多斯长爪沙鼠疫源地动物疫情暴发流行,鄂托克旗、鄂托克前旗和杭锦旗疫情形势最为严峻,通过疫蚤叮咬传播至人间的风险较高。
Objective To analyze the species composition, spatial distribution, and Yersinia pestis infection status of fleas in the plague foci of Meriones unguiculatus in Ordos of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (Inner Mongolia), China, so as to provide a basis for local plague prevention and control.Methods The surveillance data of rodent body fleas were collected in five banners/districts of the M. unguiculatus plague foci in Ordos in Inner Mongolia from 2014 to 2022. Excel 2019 was used for data processing, and ArcGIS 10.5 was used for mapping. The species, numbers, and Y. pestis infection status of fleas in different years and different regions were analyzed.Results A total of 17 010 fleas belong to 14 species in 9 genera under 4 families were collected. The annual numbers of flea species collected ranged from 4 to 11, with a mean number of 8.30 species per year. The annual numbers of fleas collected ranged from 563 to 3 158, with a mean number of 1 890 fleas per year. The dominant flea species were Xenopsylla conformis conformis and Nosopsyllus laeviceps. The mean annual flea infestation rate of M. unguiculatus was 33.48%, with a flea index of 0.92. The flea index was highest in Hangjin Banner and lowest in Wushen Banner. There were four years during which a total of 19 strains of Y. pestis were isolated from 125 fleas of three species in two banners/districts.Conclusion In recent years, there have been outbreaks of animal plague in the plague foci of M. unguiculatus in Ordos, especially in Otog Banner, Otog Front Banner, and Hangjin Banner, with a high risk of transmission via bites from infected fleas to humans.
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