三峡库区重庆段2019－2021年小型兽类及体表媒介蚤监测结果分析

王玲, 何亚明, 季恒青, 李志峰, 赵婷, 黄为, 肖汉森

doi:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2023.05.011

中国媒介生物学及控制杂志 >

2023 , Vol. 34 >Issue 5: 642 - 647

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2023.05.011

媒介生物监测

三峡库区重庆段2019－2021年小型兽类及体表媒介蚤监测结果分析

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1. 重庆市疾病预防控制中心微生物检测所, 重庆 400042;
2. 高致病性病原微生物重庆市重点实验室, 重庆 400042;
3. 重庆市疾病预防与公共卫生研究中心, 重庆 400042;
4. 重庆市疾病预防控制中心消毒与媒介生物控制所, 重庆 400042

王玲,女,副主任技师,主要从事病原微生物检验工作,E-mail:787704919@qq.com

收稿日期: 2023-04-11

网络出版日期: 2023-10-27

基金资助

重庆市自然科学基金（CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0572）；重庆市英才计划（cstc2022ycjh-bgzxm0251）；重庆市科卫联合医学科研项目（2022MSXM078）

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An analysis of surveillance results of small mammals and body surface fleas in the Chongqing section of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, China, 2019-2021

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1. Department of Microbiological Detection, Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing 400042, China;
2. Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory for High Pathogenic Microbes, Chongqing 400042, China;
3. Chongqing Center for Disease Prevention and Public Health Research, Chongqing 400042, China;
4. Department of Disinfection and Vector Control, Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing 400042, China

Received date: 2023-04-11

Online published: 2023-10-27

Supported by

Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing of China (No. CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0572); Chongqing Talent Program (No. cstc2022ycjh-bgzxm0251); Chongqing Science and Health Joint Medical Research Foundation (No. 2022MSXM078)

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摘要

目的分析三峡库区重庆段小型兽类（小兽）及体表媒介蚤监测结果,为相关鼠源疾病防控提供基础资料和科学依据。方法收集整理2019－2021年三峡库区重庆段小兽及其体表媒介蚤监测资料,分析小兽物种构成和密度变化以及小兽染蚤率、蚤指数等。利用SPSS 25.0软件进行χ²检验对数据做统计分析。结果2019－2021年间三峡库区重庆段监测发现小兽共10种2 860只,平均小兽密度为1.67%。其中居住区密度为2.74%,小兽密度呈现逐年下降趋势（χ²=22.493,P<0.001）,优势兽种为黄胸鼠、褐家鼠和小家鼠；耕作地密度为0.60%,小兽密度在较低水平波动,各年小兽密度差异有统计学意义（χ²=41.953,P<0.001）,以黄胸鼠、四川短尾鼩、小泡巨鼠为主；居住区与耕作地小兽构成比差异有统计学意义（χ²=1 003.754,P<0.001）。小兽染蚤率为18.67%,总蚤指数为0.70,缓慢细蚤为优势蚤种。鼠疫血清抗体检测均为阴性。结论2019－2021年三峡库区重庆段小兽种群及密度与成库时相比均发生了明显变化,黄胸鼠为优势鼠种,室内黄胸鼠密度远高于国家鼠疫控制标准,蚤种有缓慢细蚤和印鼠客蚤,应高度关注,加强鼠疫监测和及时开展灭鼠灭蚤工作。

关键词： 三峡库区; 小型兽类; 媒介蚤类

本文引用格式

王玲, 何亚明, 季恒青, 李志峰, 赵婷, 黄为, 肖汉森 . 三峡库区重庆段2019－2021年小型兽类及体表媒介蚤监测结果分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2023 , 34(5) : 642 -647 . DOI: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2023.05.011

Abstract

Objective To analyze the surveillance results of small mammals and their body surface flea vectors in the Chongqing section of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, China, ao as to provide basic data and scientific guidance for the prevention and control of rodent-borne diseases.Methods The surveillance data of small mammals and their body surface flea vectors in the Chongqing section of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region from 2019 to 2021 were collected to analyze the changes in the species composition, density, flea infestation rate, and flea index of small mammals. The Chi-squared test was performed for analysis of data using SPSS 25.0.Results A total of 2 860 small mammals of 10 species were found in the Chongqing section of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, with a mean density of small mammals of 1.67%. In residential areas, the mean small mammal density was 2.74%; the density showed a decreasing trend over the years (χ²=22.493, P<0.001); and the dominant species were Rattus tanezumi, R. norvegicus, and Mus musculus. In cropland, the mean density of small mammals was 0.60%; the density of small mammals fluctuated at relatively low levels, with a statistical difference between the years (χ²=41.953, P<0.001); and the dominant species were R. tanezumi, Anourosorex squamipes, and Leopoldamys edwardsi. There was a statistical difference in the composition ratio of small mammals between residential areas and cropland areas (χ²=1 003.754, P<0.001). The flea infestation rate of the small mammals was 18.67%, and the total flea index was 0.70. The dominant flea species was Leptopsylla segnis. Serum antibody against plague was not detected.Conclusions The species and density of small mammals in the Chongqing section of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region during 2019 to 2021 have changed significantly as compared with the completion of the Three Gorges Reservoir. R. tanezumi is the dominant rodent species, and its indoor density is much higher than the national plague control standard limit. The flea species include L. segnis and Xenopsylla cheopis. Great attention should be paid to strengthening plague monitoring and timely rodent and flea control.

Key words： Three Gorges Reservoir Region; Small mammal; Flea vector

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