目的了解安徽省芜湖市德国小蠊的抗药性水平,为合理用药提供科学依据。方法2022年3－6月,在芜湖市弋江、镜湖、三山和鸠江区的餐饮店、面包店、宾馆、超市和农贸市场等生境采集试虫,采用药膜法对12种常用杀虫剂进行抗药性生物测定。运用SPSS 22.0软件对数据进行处理和相关性分析。结果芜湖市德国小蠊对氯菊酯、胺菊酯、氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯、顺式氯氰菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯、高效氯氟氰菊酯、残杀威、甲基吡恶磷、乙酰甲胺磷、敌敌畏和毒死蜱的24 h死亡率,分别为91.20%、18.40%、91.33%、89.47%、77.85%、92.62%、99.19%、100%、96.85%、100%、76.06%和99.00%,半数击倒时间（KT50）分别为32.63、900.61、28.17、30.47、26.60、11.06、16.54、17.93、14.13、59.66、27.57和38.21 min。依照死亡率抗性标准,芜湖市德国小蠊对高效氯氟氰菊酯、残杀威、甲基吡恶磷、乙酰甲胺磷、毒死蜱为敏感种群,对氯菊酯、氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯为可能抗性种群,对胺菊酯、顺式氯氰菊酯和敌敌畏为抗性种群。依照击倒抗性标准,芜湖市德国小蠊对甲基吡恶磷敏感；对高效氯氰菊酯、高效氯氟氰菊酯、残杀威、乙酰甲胺磷、毒死蜱为低度抗性,分别为2.58、3.21、1.39、2.01和1.41倍；对氯菊酯、氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯、顺式氯氰菊酯及敌敌畏为中度抗性,分别为6.54、6.39、7.79、5.58和7.14倍；对胺菊酯为极高度抗性（259.54倍）。KT50、24 h死亡率与杀虫剂用量间无相关关系（rKT50-杀虫剂使用量=0.045,r24 h死亡率-杀虫剂使用量=0.141,均P>0.05）。结论芜湖市德国小蠊对多种杀虫剂产生中、高度抗性,在蜚蠊防制中应结合抗药性监测结果,规范杀虫剂使用,以延缓抗药性的发展。
Objective To investigate the resistance levels of Blattella germanica in Wuhu, Anhui Province, China, so as to provide a scientific basis for rational insecticide use.Methods From March to June 2022, test B. germanica cockroaches were collected from restaurants, bakeries, hotels, supermarkets, and farmers' markets in Yijiang, Jinghu, Sanshan, and Jiujiang districts of Wuhu. The resistance of B. germanica to 12 commonly used insecticides was determined using the residual film method. SPSS 22.0 was used for data processing and analysis.Results The 24 h mortality rates of B. germanica treated with permethrin, tetramethrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, propoxur, azamethiphos, acephate, dichlorvos, and chlorpyrifos were 91.20%, 18.40%, 91.33%, 89.47%, 77.85%, 92.62%, 99.19%, 100%, 96.85%, 100%, 76.06%, and 99.00%, respectively. The median knockdown time (KT50) was 32.63, 900.61, 28.17, 30.47, 26.60, 11.06, 16.54, 17.93, 14.13, 59.66, 27.57, and 38.21 min, respectively. According to the resistance criteria by mortality, B. germanica in Wuhu was sensitive to lambda-cyhalothrin, propoxur, azamethiphos, acephate, and chlorpyrifos; potentially resistant to permethrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, and beta-cypermethrin; and resistant to tetramethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, and dichlorvos. Based on the knockdown resistance criteria, B. germanica in Wuhu was sensitive to azamethiphos; lowly resistant to beta-cypermethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, propoxur, acephate, and chlorpyrifos, with the resistance ratios being 2.58, 3.21, 1.39, 2.01, and 1.41, respectively; moderately resistant to permethrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, and dichlorvos, with the resistance ratios being 6.54, 6.39, 7.79, 5.58, and 7.14, respectively; and extremely high resistant to tetramethrin, with the resistance ratio being 259.54. KT50 or 24 h mortality had no significant correlation with insecticide consumption (rKT50-inseciticide consumption=0.045, r24 h mortality-insecticide consumption=0.141, all P>0.05).Conclusions B. germanica in Wuhu has developed medium or high resistance to a variety of insecticides. In cockroach control, the use of insecticides should be regulated according to the results of resistance monitoring to delay the development of resistance.
[1] Hou YX,Yuan HL,Chen L,et al. A preliminary study on the diversity of intestinal bacteria carried by cockroaches in Huangshan city[J]. Chin J Hyg Insect Equip,2021,27（2）:154-159. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2021.02.017.（in Chinese） 侯银续,袁华玲,陈李,等. 黄山市蟑螂携带肠道菌种多样性初探[J]. 中华卫生杀虫药械,2021,27（2）:154-159. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2021.02.017.
[2] Hou YX,Shui Y,Wu L,et al. Research progress on cockroach damage and control technology[J]. Anhui J Prev Med,2021,27（6）:487-491,496. DOI:10.19837/j.cnki.ahyf.2021.06.017.（in Chinese） 侯银续,水岩,吴磊,等. 蜚蠊的危害及防制技术研究进展[J]. 安徽预防医学杂志,2021,27（6）:487-491,496. DOI:10.19837/j.cnki.ahyf.2021.06.017.
[3] Zhang JL,Hou YX. An analysis of surveillance results for cockroaches in Anhui province,China,2017-2019[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,2021,32（4）:464-467. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2021.04.016.（in Chinese） 张家林,侯银续. 安徽省2017－2019年蜚蠊监测结果分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2021,32（4）:464-467. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2021.04.016.
[4] Li F,Cui SL,Yan J,et al. An investigation of the resistance of Blattella germanica to commonly used insecticides in Nanyang,Henan province,China[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,2021,32（4）:472-474. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2021.04.018.（in Chinese） 李峰,崔士磊,闫静,等. 河南省南阳市德国小蠊对常用杀虫剂的抗药性调查[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2021,32（4）:472-474. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2021.04.018.
[5] Li TQ,Wu YY,Liu QM,et al. Surveillance results of the insecticide resistance of Blattella germanica in Zhejiang province of China,2018[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,2022,33（4）:462-465. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2022.04.003.（in Chinese） 李天奇,吴瑜燕,刘钦梅,等. 浙江省2018年德国小蠊抗药性监测结果分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2022,33（4）:462-465. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2022.04.003.
[6] Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. National vector surveillance implementation program[Z]. Beijing:Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,2016. （in Chinese） 中国疾病预防控制中心. 全国病媒生物监测实施方案[Z]. 北京:中国疾病预防控制中心,2016.
[7] Ministry of Health of the People’s Republic of China,Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China. GB/T 26352-2010 Test methods of cockroach resistance to insecticides-The bioassay methods forBlattella germanica[S]. Beijing:Standards Press of China,2011. （in Chinese） 中华人民共和国卫生部,中国国家标准化管理委员会. GB/T 26352－2010蜚蠊抗药性检测方法德国小蠊生物测定法[S]. 北京:中国标准出版社,2011.
[8] Lee LC,Lee CY. Insecticide resistance profiles and possible underlying mechanisms in German cockroaches,Blattella germanica （Linnaeus） （Dictyoptera:Blattellidae） from Peninsular Malaysia[J]. Med Entomol Zool,2004,55（2）:77-93. DOI:10.7601/mez.55.77_1.
[9] Gao XW,Liang P. Insect toxicology. Chapter 6:Insect resistance to insecticides [M]. Beijing:China Agricultural University Press,2022:160-239. （in Chinese） 高希武,梁沛. 昆虫毒理学. 第6章:昆虫对杀虫药剂的抗性[M]. 北京:中国农业大学出版社,2022:160-239.
[10] Li QH,Liu MD,Zhou XJ,et al. Resistance selection and mechanism of Blattella germanica to beta-cypermethrin[J]. Acta Parasitol Med Entomol Sin,2020,27（3）:168-173. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-0507.2020.03.006.（in Chinese） 李秋红,刘美德,周小洁,等. 德国小蠊对高效氯氰菊酯抗性选育与抗性机制研究[J]. 寄生虫与医学昆虫学报,2020,27（3）:168-173. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-0507.2020.03.006.
[11] Hu YF,Tan LF. Surveillance results of cockroach density and insecticide resistance in Ezhou of Hubei province,China,2016-2020[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,2021,32（5）:599-603. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2021.05.018.（in Chinese） 胡远峰,谭梁飞. 湖北省鄂州市2016－2020年蜚蠊密度及抗药性监测结果分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2021,32（5）:599-603. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2021.05.018.
[12] Hu J,Liu Y,Zhang SH,et al. An analysis of resistance of Blattella germanica to commonly used insecticides in Shenzhen,China[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,2021,32（1）:70-73,77. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2021.01.014.（in Chinese） 胡静,刘阳,张韶华,等. 广东省深圳市德国小蠊对常用杀虫剂的抗药性分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2021,32（1）:70-73,77. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2021.01.014.
[13] Wang XJ,Lai SH,Liu F. Cross-resistance of cypermethrin-resistant Blattella germanica to chemical insecticides[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,2004,15（3）:178-179. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-4692.2004.03.006.（in Chinese） 王学军,赖世宏,刘峰. 德国小蠊抗性品系对化学杀虫剂交互抗性的研究[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2004,15（3）:178-179. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-4692.2004.03.006.
[14] Xia Y,Liu HX,Tang H,et al. Resistance of Aedes albopictus screened with s-methoprene and cross-resistance to four commonly used insecticides[J]. Chin J Hyg Insect Equip,2019,25（4）:325-327. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2019.04.008.（in Chinese） 夏仪,刘洪霞,汤泓,等. S-烯虫酯选育白纹伊蚊抗性及对4种常用杀虫剂的交互抗性测定[J]. 中华卫生杀虫药械,2019,25（4）:325-327. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2019.04.008.
[15] Zou YM,Lan CJ,Zhu D,et al. An analysis of resistance of Blattella germanica to commonly used insecticides in Wuxi,Jiangsu province,China,2010-2018[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,2021,32（2）:193-196. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003. 8280.2021.02.014.（in Chinese） 邹亚明,兰策介,朱丁,等. 江苏省无锡市2010－2018年德国小蠊对常用杀虫剂的抗药性发展趋势分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2021,32（2）:193-196. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2021.02.014.
