Objective To compare the breeding habits and insecticide resistance level of Aedes aegypti in key areas of dengue fever in China and Laos, and to guide scientific and rational selection of insecticides. Methods The Breteau index (BI) method was used to examine all water containers in residential areas in Mengla and Menghai counties of China and Luang Prabang city of Laos. Mosquito larvae in positive containers were collected and identified. The collected Ae. aegypti larvae were reared to adult mosquitoes in the laboratory, followed by testing their resistance levels to common insecticides using the filter paper contact method. Results A total of 800 households were investigated, of which 78 households were positive for Aedes mosquitoes. A total of 1 194 water containers or ponding (hereinafter referred to as containers) of seven types were found, with 109 being positive. The mean BI was 13.63. Buckets were the most common type of water containers, accounting for 37.10%. The most common Aedes positive containers belonged to other temporary containers, accounting for 30.28%. There were 18 containers (16.51%) positive for Ae. albopictus mosquitoes, and 91 (83.49%) positive for Ae. aegypti. The 24-hour mortality rates of Ae. aegypti in Mengla county exposed to 3.20% permethrin, 0.08% lambda-cyhalothrin, 0.27% beta-cypermethrin, 0.20% deltamethrin, 0.25% malathion, 0.25% fenitrothion, and 0.03% propoxur were 3.51%, 5.69%, 4.07%, 63.45%, 97.86%, 100%, and 80.65%, respectively. The 24-hour mortality rates of Ae. aegypti in Menghai county exposed to the above-mentioned insecticides were 8.57%, 2.86%, 3.23%, 8.24%, 92.51%, 100%, and 90.96%, respectively. The 24-hour mortality rates of Ae. aegypti in Luang Prabang city exposed to 3.20% permethrin, 0.08% lambda-cyhalothrin, 0.20% deltamethrin, 0.25% fenitrothion, and 0.03% propoxur were 67.53%, 25.47%, 72.63%, 100%, and 98.82%, respectively. Conclusions The main breeding sites of Ae. aegypti differ in China and Laos, which are water pools in Laos while bucket and other temporary containers in China. In both regions, adult Ae. aegypti mosquitoes have developed different levels of resistance to various pyrethroid insecticides, with higher resistance in China, while they are possibly resistant or sensitive to organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides. We suggest strengthening the surveillance of the population density and insecticide resistance of Ae. aegypti and selecting rational insecticides to control mosquitoes.
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