Objective To investigate the mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) gene of Aedes albopictus in the residential habitats of Wuhan, Hubei province, China, and to preliminarily explore the resistance development mechanism of Ae. albopictus in Wuhan. Methods Larvae and pupae of Ae. albopictus were collected from the residential habitats of Wuhan from August to October 2021 and raised to adults in the laboratory. Genomic DNA was extracted form each adult mosquito. The partial VGSC gene fragments were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and sequenced to analyze the distribution of VGSC genotypes. The genotype distribution at each mutation site of the VGSC gene were compared for female and male mosquitoes by the Chi-square test. Results A total of 238 Ae. albopictus from the residential habitats of Wuhan, including 126 female mosquitoes and 112 male mosquitoes, were analyzed. Mutations were detected at the V1016, I1532, and F1534 loci of the VGSC gene. There were two alleles at the V1016 locus, namely wild-type GTA/V (43.91%) and mutant GGA/G (56.09%), and three genotypes, i.e., the wild-type homozygote V/V (19.33%), wild/mutant heterozygote V/G (49.16%), and mutant homozygote G/G (31.51%). There were two alleles at the I1532 locus, namely wild-type ATC/I (99.16%) and mutant ACC/T (0.84%), and two genotypes, i.e., wild-type homozygote I/I (98.32%) and wild/mutant heterozygote I/T (1.68%). At the F1534 locus, three alleles, i.e., wild-type TTC/F (60.72%), mutant TCC/S (33.19%), and TGC/C (6.09%), and five genotypes, i.e., wild-type homozygote F/F (35.30%), wild/mutant heterozygote F/S (41.60%) and F/C (9.24%), mutant homozygote S/S (10.92%), and mutant heterozygote S/C (2.94%), were detected. No mutant allele was found at the D1763 locus of the VGSC gene, at which only the wild-type allele GAC/D was detected (100%). There was no significant difference in the genotype distribution at the V1016, I1532, and F1534 loci of the VGSC gene between different sexes of Ae. albopictus (χ2=0.198, P=0.656; χ2=0.014, P=0.905; χ2=2.210, P=0.137). Conclusions The rate of VGSC gene mutation in Ae. albopictus is high in Wuhan, which might be one of the important mechanisms of Ae. albopictus rapidly developing resistance towards pyrethroid insecticides in Wuhan. Anyway, no significant difference was found in VGSC gene mutations between female and male mosquitoes.
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