内蒙古锡林郭勒盟2012－2021年鼠类寄生蚤构成和蚤指数时空分布特征分析

张璐, 韦晓慧, 常楠, 李泓运, 司晓燕, 白雪峰, 王君, 刘起勇

doi:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2023.01.015

中国媒介生物学及控制杂志 >

2023 , Vol. 34 >Issue 1: 82 - 90

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2023.01.015

调查研究

内蒙古锡林郭勒盟2012－2021年鼠类寄生蚤构成和蚤指数时空分布特征分析

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1. 中国疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制所媒介生物控制室, 传染病预防控制国家重点实验室, 世界卫生组织媒介生物监测与管理合作中心, 北京 102206;
2. 南京医科大学, 江苏南京 210000;
3. 山东第一医科大学(山东省医学科学院), 山东济南 271016;
4. 内蒙古自治区综合疾病预防控制中心, 内蒙古呼和浩特 010020;
5. 锡林郭勒盟疾病预防控制中心, 内蒙古锡林浩特 026099

张璐,女,在读硕士,主要从事媒介生物传染病和病媒生物研究,E-mail:zhangluicdc@163.com

收稿日期: 2022-10-18

网络出版日期: 2023-02-16

基金资助

国家自然科学基金（32090023）

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Composition of parasitic fleas on rodents and spatiotemporal distribution of flea index in Xilin Gol League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, 2012-2021

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1. State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Department of Vector Biology and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China;
2. School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China;
3. School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong 271016, China;
4. Inner Mongolia Comprehensive Disease Control and Prevention Center, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010020, China;
5. Xilin Gol League Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xilinhot, Inner Mongolia 026099, China

Received date: 2022-10-18

Online published: 2023-02-16

Supported by

National Natural Science Foundation of China(32090023)

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摘要

目的调查和分析内蒙古自治区锡林郭勒盟主要鼠种、鼠体表寄生蚤的种类构成、优势鼠种蚤指数的时空分布特征和变化趋势，为鼠疫风险评估及其预防和控制决策提供依据。方法收集整理2012－2021年锡林郭勒盟全盟12个鼠疫监测点监测资料，运用描述流行病学方法，统计分析主要鼠种及其鼠体蚤指数等的时间和空间分布特征。结果 2012―2021年锡林郭勒盟共捕获鼠4科13属18种，共计50 551只，染蚤鼠数为19 958只，平均染蚤率为39.48%。共捕获蚤5科14属35种、亚种，共计83 147匹，总蚤指数为1.64。长爪沙鼠、达乌尔黄鼠以及布氏田鼠为优势鼠种，方形黄鼠蚤蒙古亚种、同形客蚤指名亚种、光亮额蚤和秃病蚤蒙冀亚种为主要寄生蚤。长爪沙鼠体表寄生蚤的多样性高于布氏田鼠和达乌尔黄鼠。10年间，锡林郭勒盟混合鼠体蚤指数（S=-25.000，P=0.032）和达乌尔黄鼠鼠体蚤指数（S=-23.000，P=0.049）呈下降趋势，长爪沙鼠和布氏田鼠的鼠体蚤指数未发现明显变化。达乌尔黄鼠鼠体蚤指数高于布氏田鼠（H=15.000，P<0.001）和长爪沙鼠（H=-15.000，P<0.001），布氏田鼠和长爪沙鼠鼠体蚤指数差异无统计学意义（H<0.001，P=1.000）。混合鼠体蚤指数在7月（4.47）出现高峰。锡林郭勒盟各旗（县）之间的长爪沙鼠鼠体蚤指数差异有统计学意义（H=52.579，P<0.001），其中苏尼特左旗和镶黄旗最高；各旗（县）之间的达乌尔黄鼠鼠体蚤指数差异有统计学意义（H=73.253，P<0.001），其中西乌珠穆沁旗和正镶白旗最高；各旗（县）之间的布氏田鼠鼠体蚤指数差异无统计学意义（H=5.864，P=0.118）。结论锡林郭勒盟3种类型鼠疫疫源地交叉重叠。长爪沙鼠携带寄生蚤多样性高，传播鼠疫菌风险较大。各监测点应综合全面做好动物间鼠疫监测工作，警惕各疫源地动物间疫情复燃并波及人间。

关键词： 鼠疫自然疫源地; 媒介蚤; 鼠体蚤指数; 生物多样性; 监测; 锡林郭勒盟

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张璐, 韦晓慧, 常楠, 李泓运, 司晓燕, 白雪峰, 王君, 刘起勇 . 内蒙古锡林郭勒盟2012－2021年鼠类寄生蚤构成和蚤指数时空分布特征分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2023 , 34(1) : 82 -90 . DOI: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2023.01.015

Abstract

Objective To investigate the species composition of rodents and ectoparasitic fleas on rodents as well as the spatiotemporal distribution and changes of the flea index of dominant rodents in Xilin Gol League,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China,and to provide a basis for plague risk assessment and its prevention and control decisions-making. Methods With the monitoring data of 12 plague surveillance points in Xilin Gol League from 2012 to 2021,we used descriptive epidemiological methods to analyze the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of main rodents and their flea indexes. Results From 2012 to 2021,a total of 50 551 rodents were captured in Xilin Gol League,involving 18 species,13 genera,and 4 families. Among them,19 958 rodents carried fleas,with an average flea infestation rate of 39.48%. A total of 83 147 fleas were collected,belonging to 35 species/subspecies,14 genera,and 5 families,with an overall flea index of 1.64. Meriones unguiculatus,Spermophilus dauricus,and Lasiopodomys brandtii were the dominant rodent species. Citellophilus tesquorum mongolicus, Xenopsylla conformis conformis,Frontopsylla luculenta,and Nosopsyllus laeviceps kuzenkovi were the main parasitic fleas. M. unguiculatus carried more diverse flea species on the body surface than L. brandtii and S. dauricus. The mixed flea index (S=-25.000, P=0.032) and S. dauricus flea index (S=-23.000, P=0.049)showed a downward trend in Xilin Gol League during the ten years. The M. unguiculatus flea index and L. brandtii flea index had no significant changes. The S. dauricus flea index was significantly higher than the L. brandtii flea index (H=15.000, P<0.001)and the M. unguiculatus flea index (H=-15.000, P<0.001). There was no significant difference between the L. brandtii and M. unguiculatus flea indexes (H<0.001, P=1.000). The mixed flea index peaked in July at 4.47. The M. unguiculatus flea index was significantly different between banners/counties of Xilin Gol League (H=52.579, P<0.001), which was highest in Sonid Left and Xianghuang banners. The S. dauricus flea index was significantly different between banners/counties of Xilin Gol League (H=73.253, P<0.001),which was highest in West Ujimqin and Zhengxiangbai banners. The L. brandtii flea index showed no significant difference between banners/counties of Xilin Gol League (H=5.864, P=0.118). Conclusion The three types of plague foci in Xilin Gol League overlap. Meriones unguiculatus carries a diversity of fleas,with a high risk of transmitting plague bacteria. Surveillance points should comprehensively monitor plague epizootics to prevent plague from resurging among animals and expanding to human beings.

Key words： Natural plague foci; Vector flea; Rodent flea index; Biodiversity; Surveillance; Xilin Gol League

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