Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of typhus in Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture (Xishuangbanna Prefecture), China, and to provide a scientific basis for typhus prevention and control. Methods Data related to typhus in Xishuangbanna Prefecture from 2016 to 2020 were collected from the Chinese Disease Control and Prevention Information System. Descriptive epidemiological methods, Chi-square test, correlation analysis, and regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Results The five-year average annual incidence of typhus in Xishuangbanna Prefecture was 9.40/100 000 (n=554), with the highest incidence reported in Mengla county (31.15/100 000, n=457). The incidence was concentrated in the urban area and some townships of Mengla county, with a male-female ratio of 1∶1.12, mainly in farmers, followed by students. The reported incidence was obviously seasonal and peaked from May to October, which was also the peak period of the local indoor rodent density and the monitoring index of Xenopsylla cheopis on the body of rodents. The number of reported cases in the current month was positively correlated with the indoor rodent density in the last month (r=0.777, P=0.003), and also positively correlated with the index of X. cheopis in rodents in the last month (r=0.772, P=0.003). Conclusion Some townships in Mengla county, Xishuangbanna Prefecture may have natural foci of endemic typhus, and rodents and fleas in rodents may be the determinants of typhus epidemic. It is suggested that the local government should focus on the rural areas and rural-urban fringes, conduct health education for susceptible populations, and strengthen the monitoring and control of animals in potential epidemic foci to prevent and control the epidemic of typhus.
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