目的 分析2019－2020年内蒙古包头市动物鼠疫流行情况及发生人间鼠疫的风险因素，为制定鼠疫防控措施提供科学依据。方法 收集中国疾病预防控制信息系统应用门户鼠疫防治管理信息系统2019－2020年包头市动物及人间鼠疫疫情数据及疫情总结。采用描述流行病学方法，分析动物疫情疫点发生的时间分布、空间分布及地理景观分布情况和人间疫情流行情况。结果 2019－2020年内蒙古包头市共发生27起动物鼠疫疫情，检出鼠疫耶尔森菌50株。牧区草原动物鼠疫疫情无论是持续时间、流行范围及流行强度均明显超过农区疫情，由于牧区人口稀少（1人/㎞2），2019－2020年7月未发生人间疫情。2020年8月发生了2起人间鼠疫疫情，其中1起在人口相对密集（27人/㎞2）的农区发生1例本土鼠疫病例，另1起为输入性1例鼠疫病例，最终均死亡。结论 包头市动物间鼠疫流行猛烈，并波及人间。应汲取本轮疫情的经验教训，针对存在的风险因素坚持落实各项防控措施，杜绝再次发生人间鼠疫及疫情远距离传播。
关键词：
鼠疫; 自然疫源地; 疫情; 风险; 防控
Objective To analyze the epidemic situation of animal plague and the risk factors for human plague in Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China, 2019-2020, and to provide a scientific basis for formulating plague prevention and control measures. Methods The data and summary of animal and human plague epidemic in Baotou from 2019 to 2020 were collected from the Management Information System for Plague Control of Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The time distribution, spatial distribution, and geographical landscape distribution of animal epidemic foci and human epidemic situation were analyzed by the descriptive epidemiological method. Results A total of 27 animal plague epidemics occurred in Baotou in 2019-2020, and 50 strains of Yersinia pestis were detected. The duration, prevalence, and strength of animals plague in grassland of pastoral areas were significantly higher than those in agricultural areas. There was no human epidemic from 2019 to July 2020 because of the sparse population in pastoral areas (1 person/km2). Two human plague epidemics occurred in August 2020, including 1 local plague case in the relatively densely populated agricultural area (27 persons/km2) and 1 imported plague case, both of whom died. Conclusion The plague among animals in Baotou is prevalent violently and leads to human plague. Lessons should be learned from the epidemics. The prevention and control measures against the risk factors should be taken and be maintained to prevent the recurrence of human plague and long-distance transmission.
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