目的 利用潍坊市鼠类监测数据，分析研究鼠类种群密度、季节消长、年际变化和生境差异等生态特征及其与气象因素的相关性，为潍坊市有效防治鼠传疾病提供科学依据。方法 以月为监测单位，采用夹夜法在全市范围内选取城镇居民区、特殊行业及农村自然村开展鼠密度监测工作；并用SPSS 26.0和R 4.2.1软件进行数据统计与分析。结果 2013－2019年潍坊市共捕获鼠301只，其中优势鼠种褐家鼠占61.13%，小家鼠占35.22%，总体鼠密度为0.64%。3种生境中农村自然村捕获鼠类较多，占总捕获数的54.49%。鼠密度每年基本在1－3月达到高峰，褐家鼠与小家鼠的密度高峰均在2月。小波分析结果显示，当月鼠密度与月均气温、月均降水量和月均相对湿度均存在小波相关性，且与月均相对湿度呈负相关。结论 建议根据不同鼠种的栖息习性、活动规律等特点，采取相应的防鼠灭鼠措施，从而达到有效降低鼠密度和防控鼠传疾病的目的。
Objective To analyze ecological characteristics of rodents of rodent population density, seasonal fluctuation, interannual variation and habitat differences, and their correlation with meteorological factors by rodent monitoring data of 2013-2019 in Weifang, Shandong province, China, and to provide a scientific basis for effective prevention and control of rodent-borne diseases in Weifang. Methods The rodent density was monitored monthly using the night trapping method in selected urban residential areas, special industries, and rural villages across Weifang. SPSS 26.0 and R 4.2.1 were used for statistical analysis. Results A total of 301 rodents were captured in Weifang from 2013 to 2019. Rattus norvegicus was the dominant species, accounting for 61.13% of the total catches, and Mus musculus accounted for 35.22%, with an overall rodent density of 0.64%. Among the three habitats, rodents were more frequently captured in rural villages, accounting for 54.49% of the total catches. The rodent density peaked during January to March in each year, and the densities of R. norvegicus and M. musculus peaked in February. The wavelet analysis showed that monthly rodent density had wavelet correlations with monthly average temperature, monthly average precipitation, and monthly average relative humidity, with a negative correlation with monthly average relative humidity. Conclusion Rodent control measures should be based on the inhabiting habits and activity patterns of different rodent species, to effectively reduce rodent density and control rodent-borne diseases.
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