2012－2021年我国媒介生物及相关传染病监测控制进展及成效

刘起勇, 刘小波, 常楠, 张璐

doi:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2022.05.001

中国媒介生物学及控制杂志 >

2022 , Vol. 33 >Issue 5: 613 - 621

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2022.05.001

一切为了人民健康——我们这十年

2012－2021年我国媒介生物及相关传染病监测控制进展及成效

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1. 中国疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制所媒介生物控制室, 传染病预防控制国家重点实验室, 世界卫生组织媒介生物监测与管理合作中心, 北京 102206;
2. 山东大学公共卫生学院媒介生物控制学系, 山东济南 250012;
3. 南京医科大学公共卫生学院, 江苏南京 210000

刘起勇,男,博士,研究员,博士生导师,中国疾病预防控制中心病媒生物首席专家,国家973项目气候变化与健康首席科学家,从事媒介生物传染病、媒介生物控制学、气候变化健康风险及应对研究工作,E-mail:liuqiyong@icdc.cn

收稿日期: 2022-08-30

网络出版日期: 2022-10-14

基金资助

国家自然科学基金(32090023);比尔及梅琳达·盖茨基金(INV-019124)

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Advances and achievements in the surveillance and control of vectors and vector-borne diseases in China,2012-2021

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1. State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, WHO Collaborating Centre for Vector Surveillance and Management, Department of Vector Biology and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China;
2. Department of Vector Control, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong 250012, China;
3. School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China

Received date: 2022-08-30

Online published: 2022-10-14

Supported by

National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.32090023);Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Project (No.INV-019124)

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摘要

目的分析2012年以来我国媒介生物及相关传染病监测控制政策、策略、技术、行动及成效。方法应用描述性流行病学研究方法，对10年来我国媒介生物及相关传染病流行形势及挑战、媒介生物监测、媒介生物及媒介生物传染病控制进展归纳总结。利用R 4.0.4软件，通过Mann-Kendall检验对10年来媒介生物传染病发病率趋势进行分析。结果 10年来，我国制定并发布了一系列媒介生物可持续控制政策、策略、措施和技术。我国媒介生物监测方案不断升级、完善，建立和完善了生态学、病原学、抗药性“三位一体”的全国病媒生物监测网络，国家级监测点（1 097个）增加了54倍，监测经费增加了127倍，监测数据实现了网络直报，监测数据及时利用率显著提升，能更好地服务于风险评估、预测预警、决策支持和控制效果评价。2021年我国媒介生物传染病发病率（3.060/10万）与2007－2011年平均水平（3.350/10万）相比下降了8.66%。2021年媒介生物传染病死亡率（0.016/10万）与2007－2011年平均水平（0.024/10万）相比下降了33.33%。我国实现了消除疟疾目标，遏制了登革热、恙虫病和发热伴血小板减少综合征发病率加速上升态势。结论 2012－2021年我国媒介生物及相关传染病监测控制政策、策略、技术和行动均实现了跨越式发展，媒介生物传染病发病率、死亡率显著降低。鉴于当前自然和社会驱动因素的影响，媒介生物及相关传染病防控仍面临严峻挑战，亟待全面实施媒介生物可持续控制策略和措施，积极落实全球病媒控制对策，基于“反向病原学”等建立更具前瞻性的主动防御，预防控制重大媒介生物传染病疫情。

关键词： 媒介生物; 媒介生物传染病; 监测; 媒介生物可持续控制; 成效

本文引用格式

刘起勇, 刘小波, 常楠, 张璐 . 2012－2021年我国媒介生物及相关传染病监测控制进展及成效[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2022 , 33(5) : 613 -621 . DOI: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2022.05.001

Abstract

Objective To analyze the policies,strategies,techniques,actions,and achievements in the surveillance and control of vectors and vector-borne diseases in China since 2012.Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze and summarize the epidemiologic situation and challenges of vectors and vector-borne diseases,the surveillance of vectors,and the advances in the control of vectors and vector-borne diseases in China in the past ten years.The Mann-Kendall test was used to analyze the trend of the incidence rate of vector-borne diseases in the past decade using R 4.0.4 software.Results A series of policies,strategies,measures,and techniques were formulated and released for sustainable vector management in China in the past decade.The vector surveillance program in China had been continuously upgraded and improved,and a national vector surveillance network integrating ecology,etiology,and insecticide resistance had been established and improved.The number of national vector surveillance sites (1 097) in 2021 was increased by 54 times,and the funds input in national vector surveillance was increased by 127 times.Direct network reporting was realized for surveillance data,and there was a significant increase in the timely utilization rate of surveillance data,which provided better support for risk assessment,prediction and early warning,decision making,and control effect evaluation.The total annual incidence rate of vector-borne diseases in China in 2021(3.060/100 000) was reduced by 8.66% compared with that in 2007-2011(3.350/100 000),and the total annual mortality rate of vector-borne diseases in 2021(0.016/100 000) was reduced by 33.33% compared with that in 2007-2011(0.024/100 000).China had achieved the goal of malaria elimination and mitigated the accelerating increases in the incidence rates of dengue fever,scrub typhus,and severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome.Conclusion In 2012-2021,leapfrog development has been achieved for the policies,strategies,techniques,and actions for the surveillance and control of vectors and vector-borne diseases in China,and there are significant reductions in the incidence and mortality rates of vector-borne diseases.In view of the natural and social driving factors at present,the prevention and control of vectors and vector-borne diseases still face severe challenges,and therefore,it is urgent to further promote the strategies and measures for sustainable vector management,implement Global Vector Control Response 2017-2030,build proactive defense based on"reverse microbial etiology",so as to prevent and control major vector-borne diseases.

Key words： Vector; Vector-borne diseases; Surveillance; Sustainable vector management; Achievements

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