目的 探讨我国本地鱼种——泥鳅对白纹伊蚊幼虫的控制效果，为生物防蚊提供新思路。方法 将泥鳅分为未成年组和成年组，称重，24 h禁食后分别放入幼蚊密度为100、200、400和1 000条/缸的鱼缸内，以同等体质量的柳条鱼作为对照组（选择多条柳条鱼使其分别与未成年组和成年组泥鳅的平均体质量相等），观察1、2、4、6、8和24 h每缸幼蚊的存活数及化蛹数，比较不同生长状态的泥鳅间及泥鳅与柳条鱼间的吞食幼蚊能力差异。结果 未成年组每条泥鳅吞食白纹伊蚊幼虫数平均为984条/（鱼·d）；成年组每条泥鳅吞食白纹伊蚊幼虫数平均为647条/（鱼·d）。在相同白纹伊蚊幼虫密度下，同等体质量的未成年组泥鳅吞食幼蚊的效果优于柳条鱼（F=58.051，P<0.001）；而同等体质量的成年组泥鳅吞食幼蚊的效果不及柳条鱼（F=23.162，P<0.001）。未成年组泥鳅做7 d连续吞食幼蚊实验，结果显示，中短期内泥鳅每日吞食幼蚊的水平较为稳定，日吞食幼蚊数量差异无统计学意义（χ2=2.650，P=0.266），且显著高于同等体质量的柳条鱼（χ2=16.758，P=0.001）。结论 泥鳅具有较强的吞食白纹伊蚊幼虫的能力，或可成为居家周围小型水体内幼蚊控制的新方式。
Objective To investigate the effect of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus endemic to China in controlling the larvae of Aedes albopictus, and to provide new ideas for biological control of mosquitos. Methods M. anguillicaudatus individuals were divided into two juvenile and adult groups. After weighing and fasting for 24 h, they were put into tanks with 100, 200, 400, and 1 000 larvae/basin. Gambusia affinis with the same weight was used as control group (multiple G. affinis fish with the same average weight as the two groups of M. anguillicaudatus were used). The numbers of larvae and pupa were counted at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 24 h to compare the ability to devour the larvae of Ae. albopictus between M. anguillicaudatus at different growth stages and between M. anguillicaudatus and G. affinis. Results Each juvenile M. anguillicaudatus devoured 984 larvae per day on average, while each adult M. anguillicaudatus devoured 647 larvae per day on average. With the same density of Ae. albopictus larvae, juvenile M. anguillicaudatus devoured more larvae than G. affinis of the same weight (F=58.051, P<0.001), whereas adult M. anguillicaudatus devoured fewer larvae than G. affinis of the same weight (F=23.162, P<0.001). A 7-day experiment was conducted with juvenile M. anguillicaudatus for continuous devouring of larvae. The results showed stable daily devouring of larvae in the short and medium term. There were no significant differences in the number of mosquito larvae devoured per day (χ2=2.650, P=0.266), and the number was significantly higher than that of G. affinis of the same weight (χ2=16.758, P=0.001). Conclusion M. anguillicaudatus has good ability to devour Ae. albopictus larvae, and can be used as a new method to control mosquito larvae in small water bodies in residential areas.
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