Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Shanxi province, China in 2020, and to provide a reference for the effective prevention and control of VL. Methods The data of VL cases reported in Shanxi province in 2020 were collected from the National Disease Reporting Information System and were collated. Excel 2010 software was used to process and plot the data, and SPSS 18.0 software was used to perform one-way analysis of variance for comparison of the number of reported cases between different age groups in different regions. Results In 2020, a total of 87 VL cases were reported in 18 counties of 6 prefectures in Shanxi province, which increased by 85.11% compared with the year 2019, with an annual incidence rate of 0.23/100 000. The cases were mainly distributed in Yangquan (68 cases), Changzhi (7 cases), and Linfen (6 cases). The counties/districts with an annual incidence rate of >1/100 000 included Pingding county, suburban, urban, and mining districts of Yangquan, Xiangyuan county, and Daning county, and 80.46% of the total reported cases happened in these counties/districts. The peaks of reported cases were in May and July, respectively, and no cases were reported in December. Among the reported cases, 57 were males and 30 were females; 25.29% of them were aged <5 years, 32.18% aged 60 and older, and 26.44% aged 40-59; farmers (43.68%) were the main susceptible population, followed by scattered children (26.44%) and unemployed persons (12.64%). Conclusion In 2020, the prevalence of VL increased and the epidemic area became wider in Shanxi province. It is a serious situation and awareness, prevention, and control should be strengthened.
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