Objective To understand the sensitivity of Aedes albopictus to pyrethroid insecticides in Xiamen, China, and to detect the mutants of knockdown resistance genes (kdr), so as to provide a scientific basis for the control of Ae. albopictus in this area. Methods In July 2020, the larvae and pupae of Ae. albopictus were collected in different sampling sites in Huli district and Xiang'an district of Xiamen, and reared in the laboratory. The resistance of larvae and pupae to pyrethroid insecticides was determined according to the WHO tube test. The genomic DNA of individual Ae. albopictus was extracted and the knockdown resistance gene mutation was detected by PCR amplification followed by sequencing. Results The mosquitoes collected in Huli district and Xiang'an district of Xiamen were exposed to 0.03% deltamethrin, 0.4% permethrin, 0.08% beta-cypermethrin, 0.4% beta-cypermethrin, or 0.07% lambda-cyhalothrin for 24 h, and showed mortality rates of 84.33%, 72.60%, 26.91%, 51.69%, 71.68%, 30.92%, 53.33%, 33.06%,71.53%, and 70.74%, respectively. All the populations were resistant except that the population from Huli showed suspected resistance to deltamethrin. The kdr gene was detectable in 171 mosquitos, which showed no mutation at S989, I1011, and L1014, but had mutations at V1016, I1532, and F1534. The mutation frequency was the highest at F1534, followed by V1016, and the lowest at I1532. The allele mutation frequency of 1016G in Huli and Xiang'an was 13.79% and 10.71%, respectively. The 1532T showed low mutation frequency of 1.19% in Xiang'an and zero in Huli. There were three mutant alleles at F1534 (mainly 1534S), and the mutation frequency was 36.31% in Xiang'an and 29.31% in Huli. The mutation frequency of 1534C varied greatly between Xiang'an (1.79%) and Huli (25.29%). The mutation frequency of 1534L was the lowest, which was 0.60% in Xiang'an and 0.57% in Huli. Conclusion Adult Ae. albopictus in Huli district and Xiang'an district of Xiamen has developed resistance to deltamethrin, permethrin, beta-cypermethrin, and lambda-cyhalothrin, and shows high frequency of mutations in the kdr gene. The monitoring of drug resistance of Ae. albopictus in Xiamen should be strengthened, chemical insecticides should be used reasonably, and scientific integrated control measures should be taken.
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