目的 应用多位点可变数目串联重复序列基因分型方法，对新疆维吾尔自治区（新疆）4个类型鼠疫自然疫源地鼠疫耶尔森菌（鼠疫菌）分离株进行基因分型研究，探析新疆分离株与我国其他鼠疫疫源地分离株之间的遗传进化关系。方法 收集2015-2019年新疆4个类型鼠疫自然疫源地18株分离株，提取鼠疫菌基因组DNA，采用多位点可变数目串联重复序列分析（MLVA）（14+12 VNTR位点）技术、多色毛细管电泳方法进行基因分型，运用BioNumerics 7.6软件对基因分型结果进行聚类分析。结果 18株鼠疫分离株被14位点MLVA分为3个群、12个基因型；被14+12位点MLVA分为3个群、15个基因型，且同类型鼠疫自然疫源地分离株聚为一个分支。不同时期、同类型鼠疫自然疫源地的分离株亲缘关系较近，基因型存在明显的地区聚集性，遗传性相对稳定。结论 新疆4个类型鼠疫自然疫源地分离株基因型呈多态性，遗传性相对稳定；MLVA分型方法适宜新疆鼠疫分离株遗传进化与溯源研究。
Objective To study the genotypes of Yersinia pestis isolated from four types of the plague natural foci in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Xinjiang), China by multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA), and to investigate the genetic and evolutionary relationship of the isolates between Xinjiang and other plague natural foci in China. Methods The genomic DNA of 18 Y. pestis isolates from four types of natural foci in Xinjiang from 2015 to 2019 was extracted. MLVA (14+12 VNTRs) and multicolor capillary electrophoresis were used for genotyping, and the BioNumerics 7.6 software was used for cluster analysis. Results The 18 isolates were divided into three groups with 12 genotypes by MLVA 14, and three groups with 15 genotypes by MLVA 14+12. The isolates from the foci of the same type could be clustered into one branch, and the isolates from the same type of foci in different periods had close genetic relationship, with obvious regional clustering of genotypes, exhibiting relatively high genetic stability. Conclusion MLVA analysis shows polymorphism in Y. pestis isolates from four types of the natural foci in Xinjiang, with relatively high genetic stability. MLVA typing is suitable for the phylogenetic and traceable study of Y. pestis isolates in Xinjiang.
[1] 纪树立. 鼠疫[M]. 北京:人民卫生出版社,1988:1-7. Ji SL. Plague[M]. Beijing:People's Medical Publishing House,1988:1-7.
[2] 杨波,曹汉礼,雒涛,等. "十二五"新疆维吾尔自治区鼠疫防控现状分析[J]. 疾病预防控制通报,2016,31(3):28-31. DOI:10.13215/j.cnki.jbyfkztb.1605010. Yang B,Cao HL,Luo T,et al. Analysis on the situation of plague prevention and control in Xinjiang from 2010 to 2015[J]. Bull Dis Control Prev,2016,31(3):28-31. DOI:10.13215/j.cnki.jbyfkztb.1605010.
[3] 阿布力克木·阿布都热西提,贺青松,王信惠,等. 2015-2017年新疆青河县山区鼠疫自然疫源地初步调查[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2018,29(5):514-517. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.05.025. Abudurexit A,He QS,Wang XH,et al. Investigation on plague foci of natural infection in Qinghe county of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,2015-2017[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,2018,29(5):514-517. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018. 05.025.
[4] Li YJ,Cui YJ,Cui BZ,et al. Features of variable number of tandem repeats in Yersinia pestis and the development of a hierarchical genotyping scheme[J]. PLoS One,2013,8(6):e66567. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0066567.
[5] 付秀萍,俞东征,海荣. 串联重复序列及其在鼠疫菌基因分型中的应用[J]. 中华流行病学杂志,2004,25(3):269-272. DOI:10.3760/j.issn:0254-6450.2004.03.022. Fu XP,Yu DZ,Hai R. Application of tandem repeat sequence in genotyping of Yersinia pestis[J]. Chin J Epidemiol,2004,25(3):269-272. DOI:10.3760/j.issn:0254-6450.2004.03.022.
[6] 李博,阿扎提·热合木,王信惠,等. 新疆乌苏古尔图鼠疫自然疫源地监测分析[J]. 疾病预防控制通报,2014,29(6):30-31,34. DOI:10.13215/j.cnki.jbyfkztb.1403057. Li B,Rehemu A,Wang XH,et al. Surveillance report on plague in Guertu plague natural focus in Xinjiang[J]. Bull Dis Control Prev,2014,29(6):30-31,34. DOI:10.13215/j.cnki.jbyfkztb. 1403057.
[7] 贵有军,王启果,雒涛,等. 新疆乌苏市古尔图镇2006-2010年动物间鼠疫监测分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2019,30(3):331-333. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2019. 03.024. Gui YJ,Wang QG,Luo T,et al. Surveillance and analysis of animal plague epidemic in Guertu town,Usu city,Xinjiang from 2006 to 2010[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,2019,30(3):331-333. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2019.03.024.
[8] 龚震宇. 2019年全球鼠疫疫情概况[J]. 疾病监测,2019,34(8):775-776. DOI:10.3784/j.issn.1003-9961.2019.08.021. Gong ZY. Plague of global epidemic in 2019[J]. Dis Surveill,2019,34(8):775-776. DOI:10.3784/j.issn.1003-9961.2019. 08.021.
[9] 郭荣,谢木西丁·艾麦提,党辉,等. 中亚边境区域新疆天山南脉、帕米尔高原东部动物鼠疫疫情分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2020,31(1):16-20. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003. 8280.2020.01.004. Guo R,Aimaiti X,Dang H,et al. An epidemic analysis of the animal plague in southern Tianshan mountains in Xinjiang,China and eastern Pamir plateau of Central Asia's border areas[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,2020,31(1):16-20. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2020.01.004.
[10] 贵有军,崔燕,古丽阿依·包开西,等. 丝绸之路经济带建设中新疆鼠疫风险及防控对策[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2019,30(5):593-596. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2019. 05.028. Gui YJ,Cui Y,Baokaixi G,et al. The risk of plague and its prevention and control strategies in Xinjiang during the development of the Silk Road Economic Belt[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,2019,30(5):593-596. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003. 8280.2019.05.028.
