目的 评估第七届世界军人运动会不同类型场所病媒生物非疾病类危害风险，为病媒生物防制工作提供科学依据，保障各项赛事顺利进行。方法 采用器械法监测相关场所病媒生物密度，目测法检查防鼠、防蝇设施配备情况，通过专家会商法评估第七届世界军人运动会举办期间各类型场所病媒生物非疾病类危害发生的风险。结果 根据监测资料统计，2016－2018年鼠类平均捕获率为0.75%，蝇类平均密度为2.61只/笼，蜚蠊平均密度为0.87只/（张·夜），蚊虫平均密度为34.24只/（灯·夜）。第七届世界军人运动会相关场所病媒生物密度监测结果显示，鼠类平均捕获率为0.20%，蝇类平均密度为4.96只/笼，蜚蠊平均密度为0.11只/（张·夜），蚊虫平均密度为16.11只/（灯·夜）。病媒生物防护设备排查情况显示，在197个相关场所或单位中，防鼠设施不合格的场所或单位达169个，不合格率为85.79%；防蝇设施不合格的场所或单位达130个，不合格率为65.99%。经专家综合评估，病媒生物叮咬与骚扰在军运村、竞赛场馆和媒体中心为高危险度风险，在重点接待酒店为低危险度风险，在其他场所为中等危险度风险；病媒生物污染环境与食物及影响观瞻在开（闭）幕式场馆、重点接待酒店和竞赛场馆为低危险度风险，在其他场所为中等危险度风险；病媒生物破坏电力设施在竞赛场馆为高危险度风险，在重点接待酒店和定点医院为低危险度风险，在其他场所为中等危险度风险。结论 根据病媒生物密度监测、防护设施排查及病媒生物危害风险评估结果，应采取针对性风险防范措施，以确保第七届世界军人运动会举办期间不发生严重的病媒生物危害事件。
Objective To investigate the risk of non-disease hazards caused by vectors in different types of places of the 7th CISM Military World Games (CWG), to provide a scientific basis for vector control, and to ensure the successful hosting of the 7th CWG. Methods The instrument method was used to monitor vector density; visual observation method was used to check the equipment of rodent- and fly-proof facilities; the expert consultation method was used to assess the risk of non-disease hazards caused by vectors in different types of places during the 7th CWG. Results Based on the vector surveillance data in 2016-2018, the mean capture rate of rodents was 0.75%, the mean density of flies was 2.61 flies/cage, the mean density of cockroaches was 0.87 cockroaches/sheet·night, and the mean density of mosquitoes was 34.24 mosquitoes/lamp·night. The surveillance results of vector density in the places for the 7th CWG showed that the mean capture rate of rodents was 0.20%, the mean density of flies was 4.96 flies/cage, the mean density of cockroaches was 0.11 cockroaches/sheet·night, and the mean density of mosquitoes was 16.11 mosquitoes/lamp·night. The examination of vector-proof facilities showed that among the 197 places or units associated with the 7th CWG, 169 were found to have unqualified rodent-proof facilities, with an unqualified rate of 85.79%, and 130 were found to have unqualified fly-proof facilities, with an unqualified rate of 65.99%. Comprehensive assessment by experts indicated that vector bites and nuisance were rated as a high risk in military athletes’ village, competition stadiums, and media center, a low risk in key hotels for reception, and a moderate risk in other related places; vector contamination of environment and food and ugly sight were rated as a low risk in stadiums for opening and closing ceremonies, key hotels for reception, and competition stadiums and a moderate risk in other related places; vector destruction of electricity power facilities was evaluated as a high risk in competition stadiums, a low risk in key hotels for reception and designated hospitals and a moderate risk in other related places. Conclusion Targeted countermeasures for vector risk prevention should be adopted according to the results of vector surveillance, investigation of protective facilities, and risk assessment of vector hazards, so as to ensure that no serious hazards caused by vector occur during the 7th CWG.
[1] 曾晓芃,付学锋,张勇,等. 2008年北京奥运会病媒生物风险识别与评估方法研究[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2009,20(2):98-101,113.Zeng XP,Fu XF,Zhang Y,et al. Study on the method of risk recognition and assessment of vector for 2008 Beijing Olympic Games[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,2009,20(2):98-101,113.
[2] 张守刚,熊丽林,孙燕群,等. 2014年南京青奥会病媒生物危害识别与风险评估[J]. 中华卫生杀虫药械,2015,21(5):484-486,490. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2015.05.015.Zhang SG,Xiong LL,Sun YQ,et al. The hazard recognition and risk assessment of vector for 2014 Nanjing Youth Olympic Games[J]. Chin J Hyg Insect Equip,2015,21(5):484-486,490. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2015.05.015.
[3] 佟颖. 与蚊共舞使命必达[J]. 中国卫生人才,2019(7):73-74. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1008-7370.2019.07.024.Tong Y. Dances with mosquitoes,fight against mosquitoes[J]. China Health Human Resour,2019(7):73-74. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1008-7370.2019.07.024.
[4] 阎利敏,师佳佳,张月泉,等. 2019年第十一届全国少数民族传统体育运动会病媒生物危害识别与风险评估[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2020,31(4):457-461. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2020.04.016.Yan LM,Shi JJ,Zhang YQ,et al. Hazard identification and risk assessment of vectors during the 11th National Traditional Games of Ethnic Minorities in China,2019[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,2020,31(4):457-461. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280. 2020.04.016.
[5] 田俊华,吴太平,黄星,等. 2006年武汉市病媒生物监测[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2008,19(1):17-20. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-4692.2008.01.008.Tian JH,Wu TP,Huang X,et al. Survey on monitoring of vector in Wuhan,2006[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,2008,19(1):17-20. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-4692.2008.01.008.
[6] 田俊华,吴太平,朱泽荣,等. 2006-2009年武汉市成蚊密度监测研究[J]. 中华卫生杀虫药械,2010,16(3):185-187. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2010.03.006.Tian JH,Wu TP,Zhu ZR,et al. Investigation on mosquito density in Wuhan in 2006-2009[J]. Chin J Hyg Insect Equip,2010,16(3):185-187. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2010.03.006.
[7] 曾晓芃,马彦,佟颖,等. 奥运会病媒生物控制保障主要策略及经验启示[J]. 中华卫生杀虫药械,2010,16(2):95-101. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2010.02.004.Zeng XP,Ma Y,Tong Y,et al. The main strategy and experience inspiration of vector con trol safeguard in Olympic Games[J]. Chin J Hyg Insect Equip,2010,16(2):95-101. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2010.02.004.
[8] 中国疾病预防控制中心. 全国病媒生物监测实施方案[Z]. 北京:中国疾病预防控制中心,2016.Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. National vector surveillance implementation plan[Z]. Beijing:Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,2016.
[9] 吴太平,田俊华,陈晓敏,等. OruxMaps软件在卫生城市暗访及城市病媒生物防治工作中的应用[J]. 中华卫生杀虫药械,2017,23(2):101-105. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2017.02.002.Wu TP,Tian JH,Chen XM,et al. The application of OruxMaps in constructing national sanitary city secret assessment and urban medical vector management[J]. Chin J Hyg Insect Equip,2017,23(2):101-105. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2017.02.002.
[10] 运玲,王福才,张秋芬,等. 综合应用风险矩阵法与Borda序值法评估2016年世界园艺博览会病媒生物风险[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2017,28(6):557-560. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.06.010.Yun L,Wang FC,Zhang QF,et al. Integrated application of risk matrix method and Borda sequence value method to assess the risks of vectors for 2016 International Horticultural Exposition[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,2017,28(6):557-560. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.06.010.
[11] 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会. GB/T 27770-2011病媒生物密度控制水平鼠类[S]. 北京:中国标准出版社,2012.General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China,Standardization Administration of China. GB/T 27770-2011 Criteria for vector density control-Rodent[S]. Beijing:China Standard Press,2012.
[12] 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会. GB/T 27772-2011病媒生物密度控制水平蝇类[S]. 北京:中国标准出版社,2012.General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China,Standardization Administration of China. GB/T 27772-2011 Criteria for vector density control-Fly[S]. Beijing:China Standard Press,2012.
[13] 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会. GB/T 27773-2011病媒生物密度控制水平蜚蠊[S]. 北京:中国标准出版社,2012.General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China,Standardization Administration of China. GB/T 27773-2011 Criteria for vector density control-Cockroach[S]. Beijing:China Standard Press,2012.
[14] 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会. GB/T 27771-2011病媒生物密度控制水平蚊虫[S]. 北京:中国标准出版社,2012.General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China,Standardization Administration of China. GB/T 27771-2011 Criteria for vector density control-Mosquito[S]. Beijing:China Standard Press,2012.
