目的 了解白蛉种群分布及孳生情况，为白蛉危害风险评估及制定黑热病防控策略提供科学依据。方法 2018年7－8月用诱虫灯诱捕法在河南省三门峡地区不同生态环境诱捕白蛉，冷冻后分拣，装管标记，随机挑选新鲜样本解剖鉴定蛉种，应用SPSS 22.0软件进行统计分析，采用χ2检验比较白蛉在各组间的分布差异。结果 三门峡市所辖各县（市、区）均有黑热病媒介白蛉孳生分布，诱虫灯诱捕法共采集白蛉1 369只，平均密度为38.03只/（灯·夜），不同地区不同生境白蛉的分布差异有统计学意义（χ2=571.957，P<0.001）；土窑洞型、土坯瓦房型、砖土混建型3种不同生境的白蛉分布差异有统计学意义（χ2=341.209，P<0.001）。白蛉雌雄比例为2.05∶1，5种生境中白蛉雌雄分布差异亦有统计学意义（χ2=262.201，P<0.001），其中人居室、猪圈、羊圈雌蛉占比较高，其次是牛圈；而鸡舍雄蛉占比较高。经分子鉴定白蛉种类为中华白蛉、许氏司蛉和鳞喙司蛉。结论 白蛉在三门峡市农村特定环境中普遍存在，外防黑热病输入，内控传播媒介孳生，加强牲畜圈综合治理，针对性开展旅游及犬源性生境白蛉监测预警，可有效预防黑热病复发和传播。
Objective To investigate the species distribution and breeding habitats of sandflies, and to provide a scientific basis for the risk assessment of sandflies and the formulation of prevention and control strategies for kala-azar. Methods Light traps were used to collect sandflies in different habitats of Sanmenxia, Henan province, China from July to August in 2018. The collected sandflies were frozen before sorting, putting into tubes, and marking. Then fresh samples were randomly selected and dissected for species identification. SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis. The chi-square test was used to compare the sandfly distribution between groups. Results All counties (cities, districts) in Sanmenxia had kala-azar vector sandflies, and a total of 1 369 sandflies (38.03 sandflies/lamp·night) were collected using the light traps. There was a statistical difference in sandfly distribution between different areas and habitats (χ2=571.957, P<0.001). There was also a statistical difference in sandfly distribution between the three types of habitats (cave dwellings, tile-roofed adobe house, and brick house) (χ2=341.209, P<0.001). The overall sex ratio of sandflies was 2.05:1, with a statistical difference between five habitats (χ2=262.201, P<0.001). Specifically, females accounted for relatively high proportions in human settlements, pigpens, sheepfolds, followed by cowsheds, while males accounted for a relatively high proportion in chicken coop. Via molecular identification, the sandfly species were identified as Phlebotomus chinensis, Sergentomyia khawi, and Se. squamirostris. Conclusion Sandflies are widely distributed in specific rural environment of Sanmenxia. Preventing imported cases and controlling internal vectors, strengthening the comprehensive control in barns, and targeted monitoring and early warning of sandflies in tourism and canine habitats may effectively prevent the recurrence and transmission of kala-azar.
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