目的 分析甘肃省天水市三带喙库蚊和白纹伊蚊在不同生境的密度变化和季节消长，为天水市蚊虫及相关传染病的预防控制提供科学依据。方法 2017－2020年每月２次选定5～7个生境进行调查，采用诱蚊灯法监测库蚊成蚊，选择3个生境采用双层叠帐法监测伊蚊成蚊。应用SPSS 21.0软件对不同年份、生境、月份数据差异进行χ2检验、Welch’s ANOVA和中位数检验。结果 2017－2020年共捕获雌蚊19 659只，其中捕获三带喙库蚊5 759只（占29.29%），4年的蚊虫种群构成比差异有统计学意义（χ2=851.227，P<0.001）；4年平均蚊密度为5.81只/（灯·夜），以8月最高〔17.17只/（灯·夜）〕，2017和2018年三带喙库蚊密度明显高于2019和2020年，2017－2018年7－9月蚊密度与其他月份密度比较差异有统计学意义（χ2=12.000，P=0.035）；4年中三带喙库蚊密度与流行性乙型脑炎（乙脑）发病数显著相关（ｒ=0.629，P<0.001）；生境中总体以猪圈三带喙库蚊密度最高〔17.33只/（灯·夜）〕，但2017和2018年（乙脑高发年份）以牛圈密度最高。白纹伊蚊平均帐诱指数为4.10只/（顶·h）；季节分布以8月帐诱指数最高，各月间密度差异有统计学意义（F=207.031，P=0.001）；连续4年在各监测生境均发现白纹伊蚊，以废旧物品处/工地帐诱指数最高，不同生境间帐诱指数差异有统计学意义（F=16.892，P=0.010）。结论 牛棚和猪圈是天水市三带喙库蚊的优势生境，每年8月其密度最高；白纹伊蚊已在天水市各监测生境分布，废旧物品处/工地是其重要孳生地，密度高峰为7－8月。因此，应加强天水市蚊媒分布和孳生环境的调查研究，依据其生态学特点开展灭蚊工作，为防制相关疾病做好有效的预防。
Objective To investigate the density distribution and seasonal variation of Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Aedes albopictus in different habitats in Tianshui, Gansu province, China, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of mosquitoes and related infectious diseases in Tianshui. Methods A 4-year investigation was performed for 5-7 habitats twice a month from 2017 to 2020. The light trapping method was used to monitor adult Culex mosquitoes, and the double-layered mosquito net method was used to monitor adult Aedes mosquitoes in 3 habitats. SPSS 21.0 software was used to perform the chi-square test, Welch’s ANOVA analysis, and median test for the data of different years, habitats, and months. Results A total of 19 659 female mosquitoes were captured from 2017 to 2020, among which there were 5 759 Cx. tritaeniorhynchus mosquitoes (accounting for 29.29%), and there was a significant difference in the constituent ratio of different mosquito populations in the four years (χ2=851.227, P<0.001). The 4-year mean mosquito density was 5.81 mosquitoes/light/night, with the highest density of 17.17 mosquitoes/light/night in August, and the density of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in 2017 and 2018 was significantly higher than that in 2019 and 2020, while mosquito density in July, August, and September of 2017-2018 was significantly different from that in other months (χ2= 12.000, P=0.035). The density of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus was significantly correlated with the number of Japanese encephalitis (JE) cases in the 4 years (r=0.629, P<0.001). The highest density of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus was found in pigsties, i.e., 17.33 mosquitoes/light/night, while the highest density was observed in cattle sheds in 2017 and 2018 (with a high incidence rate of JE). The mean net trap index of Ae. albopictus was 4.10 mosquitoes/net/hour, and the highest net trap index was observed in August, with a significant difference in density across months (F=207.031, P=0.001). Ae. albopictus was found in all habitats monitored for 4 consecutive years, and the highest net trap index was observed at waste sites/construction sites, with a significant difference in the net trap index between different habitats (F=16.892, P=0.010). Conclusion Cattle sheds and pigsties are the dominant habitats of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, and with the highest density in August of each year in Tianshui. Ae. albopictus is distributed in each habitat monitored in Tianshui, and waste sites/construction sites are important breeding sites for Ae. albopictus, with the peak density in July and August. It is necessary to strengthen the investigation of distribution and habitat of mosquito vector, and to control mosquito based on their ecological characteristics in Tianshui city, which could be more effectively prevent and control related mosquito-borne diseases.
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