云南省巧家县小型兽类的组成与分布调查

浦恩念, 邵宗体, 段兴德, 高子厚, 李玉琼, 樊荣, 王庭清, 董万贤, 王富贵, 谢正敏

doi:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2021.04.012

中国媒介生物学及控制杂志 >

2021 , Vol. 32 >Issue 4: 447 - 450

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2021.04.012

媒介生物监测

云南省巧家县小型兽类的组成与分布调查

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1. 云南省地方病防治所, 云南省鼠疫防治研究中心, 云南省自然疫源性疾病防控技术重点实验室, 云南大理 671000;
2. 昭通市疾病预防控制中心, 云南昭通 657000;
3. 巧家县疾病预防控制中心, 云南巧家 654600

浦恩念,男,硕士,主管医师,主要从事鼠疫防治研究及媒介生物防制工作,E-mail:469821029@qq.com

收稿日期: 2020-09-14

网络出版日期: 2021-08-20

基金资助

徐建国院士工作站（2018IC155）；国家自然科学基金（81660554）

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Species composition and distribution of small mammals in Qiaojia county, Yunnan province, China

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1. Yunnan Institute for Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention, Yunnan Province Plague Control Research Center, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali, Yunnan 671000, China;
2. Zhaotong City Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Zhaotong, Yunnan 657000, China;
3. Qiaojia County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qiaojia, Yunnan 654600, China

Received date: 2020-09-14

Online published: 2021-08-20

Supported by

Supported by the Academician XU Jian-guo Workstation (No. 2018IC155) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81660554)

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摘要

目的调查巧家县小型兽类的组成与分布，补充当地小型兽类的种类及分布资料。方法 2017年10月在巧家县海拔800～3 000 m区间共5个海拔梯度带（以Ⅰ～Ⅴ标示）内选择8个乡镇作为调查点，应用笼捕法和夹夜法在农耕区和居民区2种生态环境中进行小型兽类的调查取样，数据采用Shannon-Wiener多样性指数进行分析，不同生境、不同海拔梯度带之间的捕获率比较用χ²检验。结果共捕获小型兽类525只，隶属于3目5科11属22种。齐氏姬鼠、北社鼠和短尾鼩华南亚种为优势种群，分别占31.24%、14.10%和11.43%。农耕区和居民区的捕获率分别为20.98%和1.00%，差异有统计学意义（χ²=319.981，P<0.001）；5个海拔梯度带之间捕获率差异有统计学意义（χ²=90.272，P<0.001），其中第Ⅴ带（2 500 m～）的捕获率最高，为33.15%。在海拔带Ⅰ～Ⅲ中，小兽的丰富度随海拔梯度增高呈上升趋势，多样性指数和均匀度指数在第Ⅲ带（1 500 m～）相对较高，优势度指数在第Ⅴ带（2 500 m～）最高。结论巧家县境内小型兽类丰富度在第Ⅲ～Ⅴ带相似，在第Ⅰ～Ⅲ带随海拔梯度增高呈上升趋势，不同生态环境和垂直海拔带中小型兽类种类和构成不同，农耕区以齐氏姬鼠、北社鼠、短尾鼩华南亚种为优势种，居民区以褐家鼠和黄胸鼠捕获数较多。

关键词： 小型兽类; 组成; 分布; 巧家县

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浦恩念, 邵宗体, 段兴德, 高子厚, 李玉琼, 樊荣, 王庭清, 董万贤, 王富贵, 谢正敏 . 云南省巧家县小型兽类的组成与分布调查[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2021 , 32(4) : 447 -450 . DOI: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2021.04.012

Abstract

Objective To investigate the species composition and distribution of small animals in Qiaojia county, Yunnan province, China, and to supplement the species and distribution data of local small mammals. Methods In October 2017, eight townships in five elevation zones (Ⅰ-Ⅴ, 800-3 000 m) in Qiaojia county were selected as the survey sites. The cage and clip trapping methods were used to capture small mammals in two habitats (farming areas and residential areas). The Shannon-Wiener diversity index was used to perform the analysis. The Chi-square test was used to compare the capture rate between different habitats and different elevation zones. Results A total of 525 small animals were captured, which belonged to 22 species from 11 genera, 5 families, and 3 orders. Apodemus chevrieri (31.24%), Niviventer confucianus (14.10%), and Anourosorex squamipes (11.43%) were the dominant species. The capture rates in farming and residential areas were 20.98% and 1.00%, respectively, with a statistical difference (χ²=319.981, P<0.001). There was a statistical difference in capture rate between the five elevation zones (χ²=90.272, P<0.001), among which zone V (2 500 m-) had the highest capture rate (33.15%). In the elevation zones Ⅰ-Ⅲ, the richness of small mammals presented an increasing trend with an increase in elevation. The elevation zone Ⅲ(1 500 m-) had relatively high diversity index and evenness index. The elevation zone Ⅴ (2 500 m-) had the highest dominance index. Conclusion The richness of small mammals is similar in elevation zones Ⅲ, Ⅳ, and Ⅴ, and shows an increasing trend with an increase in elevation within elevation zones Ⅰ-Ⅲ in Qiaojia county. Different habitats and elevation zones have different species compositions of small mammals. In farming areas, A. chevrieri, N. confucianus, and A. squamipes were the dominant species; in residential areas, Rattus norvegicus and R. tanezumi are more captured.

Key words： Small mammal; Composition; Distribution; Qiaojia county

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