目的 对2019年宁夏回族自治区（宁夏）引黄灌区4个县（市）蚊虫的物种构成、分布、密度及季节消长趋势进行分析，为蚊类及蚊媒传染病的防控提供科学依据。方法 采用诱蚊灯法在引黄灌区贺兰县、平罗县、青铜峡市和中宁县城镇居民区和农村民房、牲畜棚等生境开展蚊媒监测，于2019年6－9月每月监测2次。采用Excel 2007软件建立数据库，运用SPSS 23.0软件对数据进行统计分析，蚊类构成比的比较采用χ2检验，蚊密度比较采用方差分析。结果 2019年6－9月共捕获成蚊34 670只，平均密度为46.10只/（灯·夜），不同地区蚊密度差异无统计学意义（F=2.357，P=0.930），贺兰县平均蚊密度最高为252.96只/（灯·夜）。不同地区蚊种构成差异有统计学意义（χ2=3 826.933，P<0.001），淡色库蚊和三带喙库蚊捕获比例较大，分别占捕获总数的55.90%和43.86%。不同生境中以牲畜棚密度最高，为73.55只/（灯·夜），不同生境蚊密度差异有统计学意义（F=433.600，P<0.001）。蚊密度季节消长曲线呈明显的单峰曲线，不同月份蚊密度差异有统计学意义（F=938.159，P<0.001）。结论 引黄灌区蚊密度整体处于较高水平，淡色库蚊和三带喙库蚊为该区优势蚊种，牲畜棚和农村民房为蚊类侵害高发场所。
Objective To analyze the species composition, distribution, density, and seasonality of mosquitoes in four counties (cities) of the Yellow River irrigation area of Ningxia Hui autonomous region (Ningxia), China, in 2019, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of mosquitoes and mosquito-borne diseases. Methods The light trapping method was used to carry out mosquito vector monitoring in the urban residential areas, rural houses, livestock sheds, and other habitats of Helan county, Pingluo county, Qingtongxia city, and Zhongning county in the Yellow River irrigation area twice a month during June to September in 2019. Excel 2007 software was used to establish a database, and SPSS 23.0 software was used for statistical analysis of data. The mosquito composition ratio was compared by the chi-square test, and the mosquito density was compared by analysis of variance. Results A total of 34 670 adult mosquitoes were caught from June to September 2019, with an average density of 46.10 mosquitoes/light-trap·night; there was no significant difference in mosquito density between different areas (F=2.357, P=0.930); Helan county had the highest average mosquito density, which was 252.96 mosquitoes/light-trap night. There was a significant difference in the composition of mosquito species between different areas (χ2=3 826.933, P<0.001); the majority of the mosquitoes caught belonged to Culex pipiens pallens and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, accounting for 55.90% and 43.86%, of the total number of catches, respectively. Among the different habitats, livestock sheds had the highest density of mosquitoes, which was 73.55 mosquitoes/light-tarp·night, and there was a significant difference in the density of mosquitoes between different habitats (F=433.600, P <0.001). The seasonal fluctuation curve of mosquito density showed an obvious single-peak curve, and the difference of mosquito density in different months was statistically significant (F=938.159, P<0.001). Conclusion The mosquito density in the Yellow River irrigation area is generally at a relatively high level. Cx. pipiens pallens and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus are the dominant mosquito species in the area, and livestock sheds and rural houses are the places with a high incidence of mosquito infestation.
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