目的 通过对云南省中华按蚊线粒体DNA细胞色素C氧化酶亚基Ⅰ（mtDNA-COⅠ）基因进行分析，探讨当地中华按蚊种群间的遗传变异和种群结构特征。方法 2018－2019年，在绥江、勐腊、腾冲、罗平、元江、富宁县（市）6个采样点使用功夫小帅诱蚊灯采集蚊虫。经过形态学和分子生物学鉴定为中华按蚊后，对线粒体COⅠ基因扩增后测序。测序结果用MEGA 6软件对比分析，用DnaSP 5软件计算各地中华按蚊种群的多态性相关指数和错配分析。Arlequin 3.5.2.2软件进行分子变异分析（AMOVA）和中性检验，以及计算遗传分化FST值和基因交流值（Nm值）。结果 6个中华按蚊种群共成功扩增210个样本，有96种单倍型，单倍型多样性为0.97，核苷酸多样性为0.011。种群内变异率为90.80%，种群间变异率为9.20%，绥江和罗平县FST值最高为0.21，基因流最低为0.96，除腾冲市外，其余地区Tajima’s D的值均为负值，且均P>0.05，错配分析时曲线呈双峰。结论 云南省内中华按蚊种群有丰富的遗传多样性，种群内变异大于种群间变异，绥江和罗平县存在遗传分化，其他地区无遗传分化。云南省中华按蚊种群近期未出现种群扩张。
Objective To explore the genetic variation and population structure of Anopheles sinensis by analyzing the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunitⅠ(mtDNA COⅠ) gene of An. sinensis in Yunnan province, China. Methods From 2018 to 2019, mosquito trap lamps (Gongfu Xiaoshuai) were used to collect mosquitoes in six sampling sites, namely, Suijiang, Mengla, Tengchong, Luoping, Yuanjiang, and Funing. After the mosquitoes were identified as An. sinensis via morphology and molecular biology, the mitochondrial COⅠ gene was amplified and sequenced. MEGA 6 software was used to analyze the sequencing results, and DnaSP5 software was used to calculate the polymorphism-related indices and perform the mismatch analysis of An. sinensis populations from various areas. Arlequin 3.5.2.2 software was used to perform the analysis of molecular variance and neutrality tests and calculate the genetic differentiation (FST values) and the number of migrants (Nm values). Results In this study, 210 samples were successfully amplified from 6 An. sinensis populations (from six sampling sites) and there were 96 haplotypes. The haplotype diversity was 0.97 and nucleotide diversity was 0.011; the intra-population variation rate was 90.80% and the inter-population variation rate was 9.20%. Suijiang and Luoping had the highest FST value (0.21) and the lowest Nm (0.96). Apart from Tengchong, the Tajima's D values in other places were negative, and the P values were all greater than 0.05. The mismatch analysis showed that the curve had two peaks. Conclusion There is abundant genetic diversity among An. sinensis populations in Yunnan province and the rate of intra-population variation is greater than that of inter-population variation. Genetic differentiation is observed in Suijiang and Luoping, with no genetic differentiation observed in other areas. There is no population expansion of An. sinensis in Yunnan province recently.
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