目的 对新疆维吾尔自治区（新疆）某地区乡村居民区进行灭蚤效果观察。方法 选取新疆某地区乡村居民区作为实验区域，采用100倍稀释的8%高效氯氰菊酯进行滞留喷洒灭蚤实验，通过观察居民区灭蚤前后的蚤类侵害率、蚤指数和叮咬率等指标评估灭蚤效果。采用独立成组样本t检验或单因素方差分析和χ2检验对蚤指数、蚤类侵害率和叮咬率进行比较。结果 灭蚤前，蚤类侵害率为86.25%（69/80），总蚤指数为0.23（213/914），不同自然村的侵害率（P=0.599，确切概率法）和蚤指数（F=0.103，P=0.924）之间的差异均无统计学意义；成年人叮咬率为62.71%（148/236），幼儿（6个月～4岁）叮咬率为89.47%（34/38），儿童（6～8岁）叮咬率为83.82%（57/68），幼儿、儿童的叮咬率明显高于成年人（χ2=10.510，P=0.001；χ2=10.714，P=0.001）；驻村干部的叮咬率为76.29%（74/97）。灭蚤后2～3 d，侵害率降低至6.25%（5/80），蚤指数降低至0.02（19/914），与灭蚤前相比差异有统计学意义（染蚤率：χ2=102.979，P<0.001；蚤指数：t=38.476，P<0.001）；成年人的叮咬率降低至4.41%（10/227），与灭蚤前相比差异有统计学意义（χ2=174.983，P<0.001）；幼儿和儿童的叮咬率分别降低至8.11%（3/37）和6.06%（4/66），与灭蚤前相比差异有统计学意义（χ2=49.653，P<0.001；χ2=85.613，P<0.001）；驻村干部的叮咬率为2.94%（3/102），灭蚤前后的差异亦有统计学意义（χ2=112.757，P<0.001）。结论 新疆某乡村居民区使用100倍稀释的8%高效氯氰菊酯滞留喷洒的灭蚤效果显著，可以加以推广。
Objective To investigate the flea control effect in some rural residential areas of Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, China. Methods Some rural residential areas in Xinjiang were selected as the experimental areas, and 8% beta-cypermethrin wettable powder diluted 100 times was used to control the fleas via residual spraying. The flea infestation rate, flea index, and biting rate were compared before and after the flea control to evaluate the control effect. The independent samples t-test or one-way analysis of variance and chi-square test were used to compare the flea index, flea infestation rate, and biting rate. Results Before the flea control, the flea infestation rate was 86.25% (69/80) and the total flea index was 0.23 (213/914), with no significant differences between different villages (P=0.599, Fisher's exact test; F=0.103, P=0.924). The biting rate was 62.71% (148/236), 89.47% (34/38), and 83.82% (57/68), respectively, in adults, young children (6 months to 4 years of age), and elder children (6-8 years of age). The biting rate was significantly higher in young and elder children than in adults (χ2=10.510, P=0.001; χ2=10.714,P=0.001). The biting rate of cadres stationed in the villages was 76.29% (74/97). On days 2-3 after the flea control, the flea infestation rate and total flea index were significantly reduced to 6.25% (5/80) and 0.02 (19/914), respectively (χ2=102.979, P<0.001; t=38.476, P<0.001); the biting rate was significantly reduced to 4.41% (10/227), 8.11% (3/37), and 6.06% (4/66), respectively, in adults, young children, and elder children (χ2=174.983, 49.653, and 85.613, all P<0.001); the biting rate of cadres stationed in the villages was significantly reduced to 2.94% (3/102) (χ2=112.757, P<0.001). Conclusion Residual spraying with 8% beta-cypermethrin wettable powder diluted 100 times had a good effect of flea control in the rural residential areas in Xinjiang, which holds promise for application.
[1] 寇春,段晓梅,张渝疆,等. 新疆地区虫媒病毒调查研究状况[J]. 中国人兽共患病学报,2016,32(3):301-305,311. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-2694.2016.03.018.Kou C,Duan XM,Zhang YJ,et al. Status on arbovirus investigation in Xinjiang,China[J]. Chin J Zoonoses,2016,32(3):301-305,311. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-2694.2016.03.018.
[2] 杨子京,尹家祥. 我国蚤传自然疫源性疾病流行现状[J]. 包头医学院学报,2015,31(2):143-144.Yang ZJ,Yin JX. Epidemic situation of flea-borne natural focal diseases in China[J]. J Baotou Med College,2015,31(2):143-144.
[3] 黄儒婷,郭郁,张彦,等. 北京市某居民区猫栉首蚤侵害调查处置[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2015,26(4):427,429. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.4692.2015.04.028.Huang RT,Guo Y,Zhang Y,et al. Investigation and appropriate handling of cat flea infestation in one community,Beijing,China[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,2015,26(4):427,429. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.4692.2015.04.028.
[4] 于心. 人蚤的生态及流行病学意义[J]. 地方病通报,1986,1(3):241-246.Yu X. Ecological and epidemiological significance of Pulex irritans[J]. Endemic Dis Bull,1986,1(3):241-246.
[5] 郭会玲,刘志强,陈世军,等. 新疆巴楚县跳蚤叮咬人病例与综合防治措施[J]. 草原家畜,2019(5):30-32,42.Guo HL,Liu ZQ,Chen SJ,et al. Analysis on a case of flea biting human in Bachu county of Xinjiang and comprehensive treatment measures[J]. Grass-Feed Livest,2019(5):30-32,42.
[6] Zurita A,Callejón R,García-Sánchez ÁM,et al. Origin,evolution,phylogeny and taxonomy of Pulex irritans[J]. Med Vet Entomol,2019,33(2):296-311. DOI:10.1111/mve.12365.
[7] 于心. 关于人蚤(Pulex irritans)在人间传播鼠疫的地位问题讨论[J]. 新疆流研所防治研究通报,1982,1(1):20-24.Yu X. Discussion on the status of Pulex irritans in the transmission of plague among humans[J]. Prev Control Res Bull Xinjiang Inst Epidemiol,1982,1(1):20-24.
[8] 赵文红,郭牧,段彪,等. 人蚤感染鼠疫菌后带菌时限研究[J]. 中国热带医学,2016,16(1):28-30. DOI:10.13604/j.cnki.46-1064/r.2016.01.07.Zhao WH,Guo M,Duan B,et al. Study on carrier time in Pulex irritans after infection of Yersinia pestis[J]. China Trop Med,2016,16(1):28-30. DOI:10.13604/j.cnki.46-1064/r.2016.01.07.
[9] 汪传新,杜志平,台秀梅,等. 环保型高效氯氰菊酯水乳剂及其润湿性能研究[J]. 广东农业科学,2015,42(23):107-111. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1004-874X.2015.23.021.Wang CX,Du ZP,Tai XM,et al. Preparation and wetting property of environment-friendly β-cypermethrin EW[J]. Guangdong Agric Sci,2015,42(23):107-111. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1004-874X. 2015.23.021.
[10] 全林发,仇贵生,孙丽娜,等. 高效氯氰菊酯亚致死浓度对桃小食心虫生物学特性的影响[J]. 昆虫学报,2017,60(7):799-808. DOI:10.16380/j.kcxb.2017.07.008.Quan LF,Qiu GS,Sun LN,et al. Effects of sublethal concentrations of beta-cypermethrin on the biological characteristics of Carposina sasakii (Lepidoptera:Carposinidae)[J]. Acta Entomol Sin,2017,60(7):799-808. DOI:10.16380/j.kcxb.2017.07.008.
[11] 姚其,曾玲,梁广文,等. 高效氯氰菊酯不同汰选频度条件下桔小实蝇高抗品系抗药性发展动态[J]. 环境昆虫学报,2017,39(4):791-799. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1674-0858.2017.04.8.Yao Q,Zeng L,Liang GW,et al. Dynamic of resistance of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) high-resistant strain under selection by beta-cypermethrin with different frequency[J]. J Environ Entomol,2017,39(4):791-799. DOI:10.3969/j.issn. 1674-0858.2017.04.8.
[12] 杜宏举,刘建中,张鹏,等. 高效氯氰菊酯乳油的急性毒性实验研究[J]. 毒理学杂志,2016,30(3):218-220. DOI:10.16421/j.cnki.1002-3127.2016.03.011.Du HJ,Liu JZ,Zhang P,et al. Experimental study on acute toxicity of high efficiency cypermethrin emulsion[J]. J Toxicol,2016,30(3):218-220. DOI:10.16421/j.cnki.1002-3127.2016. 03.011.
[13] 吴鹤松,蔡文凤,罗启松,等. 大功达对印鼠客蚤毒杀效果研究[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2004,15(3):170-172. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-4692.2004.03.003.Wu HS,Cai WF,Luo QS,et al. Studies on the toxicity of Dagongda to rat flee Xenopsylla cheopis (Siphonaptera:Pulicidae)[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,2004,15(3):170-172. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-4692.2004.03.003.
[14] 王振生. 氯氰菊酯对不等单蚤各发育期虫态的毒力测定[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,1992,3(3):152-155.Wang ZS. The toxicity test on different growth period of Monopsyllus anisus for Cypermethrin (NRDC-149)[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,1992,3(3):152-155.
