Objective To investigate the species composition, quantitative distribution, and seasonal variation of rodents and their parasitic fleas in the Zhangjiakou 2022 Winter Olympic Games zone (hereinafter referred to as the Zhangjiakou competition zone) and the surrounding areas in Hebei province, China, and to provide basic data for the prediction and emergency treatment of vector-borne diseases during the Winter Olympic Games. Methods From September 2018 to September 2019, the five-meter traping method and the quadrat method were used to investigate the species composition and density of rodents in Chongli district and the area around the Zhangjiakou competition zone, and parasitic fleas were collected and classified. The ecological method was used to analyze the species composition, distribution, and seasonal density variation of rodents, and Excel 2010 software was used to analyze data and draw charts. Results The quadrat method was used to investigate 20 quadrats, and no rodents were captured. The five-meter traping method was used to investigate 166 sites, and 266 rodents were captured by 16 600 traps and were classified into 8 species, 5 genera, and 3 families, with a capture rate of 1.60%. Time variation showed a rodent density of <1.00% from October to June in the next year, especially from December to April in the next year. Apodemus agrarius and Cricetulus barabensis were the main rodent species, and the rodent density was 6.14% in July and 5.93% in September. There was a variety of rodent species, mainly A. agrarius, C. migratorius, C. barabensis, A. peninsulae, and A. draco. A total of 266 rodents were examined, among which 36 were found to have fleas, with a flea infestation rate of 13.53%, and a total of 100 fleas were collected and classified into 7 species, 5 genera, and 3 families, with a mean flea index of 0.38. Bacteriological and serological tests were performed for all materials and yielded negative results. Conclusion Main host animals and fleas in Hebei province and surrounding natural plague foci are not found in the Zhangjiakou competition area and the surrounding area, and there are differences in natural landscape, the species composition of rodents, and the composition of fleas between the Zhangjiakou competition zone and natural plague foci in Hebei province. Therefore, there is a relatively low risk of primary animal plague in the local area.
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