目的 作为2019年一项健康扶贫与公益活动，通过在甘肃省贫困地区组织开展农村蚊虫综合防控，落实流行性乙型脑炎（乙脑）媒介蚊虫的可持续控制策略和措施，为我国乙脑高发区媒介蚊虫的控制提供参考依据。方法 由专业机构和社会组织联合倡议，疾病控制专家现场技术指导，有害生物防制（PCO）企业和志愿者团队现场实施。选择甘肃省平凉市2017年乙脑发病率最高的静宁县八里镇照世村，采用对村民宣传教育、对幼蚊孳生地彻底清理、重点区域使用化学防治的综合治理策略。活动中用诱蚊灯法监测蚊虫密度变化，以评估综合控制蚊虫效果。结果 活动得到41家企业响应，19名专业技术人员和37名PCO志愿者组成了志愿者团队。防制前调查发现该村户内积水类型主要为盆景、水生植物、贮水池、缸和盆等，积水阳性率为34.32%，百户指数为85.33；村内及周边外环境蚊虫孳生地以管井及下水道水体、村内明渠及周边污水塘、闲置碗、瓶、缸、罐及废旧轮胎等为主，阳性率为17.31%。防制前监测显示，成蚊总密度为50.33只/（灯·夜），以三带喙库蚊为主，占80.13%，其次为淡色库蚊和中华按蚊，分别占12.91%和5.96%。而在第1次防控后，成蚊密度即降至11.60只/（灯·夜），蚊种构成以淡色库蚊为主，占43.11%，三带喙库蚊及中华按蚊分别占17.24%和5.17%，其他蚊虫占34.48%，平均减退率为76.95%。第2次防制后，蚊虫总密度降为6.67只/（灯·夜），蚊种构成以中华按蚊为主，占42.50%；淡色库蚊及三带喙库蚊分别占17.50%和15.00%，其他蚊虫占25.00%，平均减退率为86.75%，农户减退率达100%。随着综合防控措施的实施，三带喙库蚊构成比由80.13%降至15.00%。通过现场宣传和治理，幼蚊阳性孳生地明显减少，以容器指数为监测指标，减退率为93.24%。结论 通过监测、控制、评估的蚊虫可持续控制模式，对传播蚊虫防控知识、降低蚊虫密度有较好效果，可以在我国乙脑高发区推广，但应因地制宜，才能获得更好的控制效果。
孟凤霞, 孙养信, 吴照, 吴海霞, 赵春春, 贾玉新, 李治平, 毛文秀, 伦辛畅, 张鹏举, 阎峻, 吕文, 丘柳玉, 刘起勇
. 2019年甘肃省静宁县流行性乙型脑炎流行区媒介蚊虫综合防控模式及效果评价研究[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2021
, 32(2)
: 144
-149
.
DOI: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2021.02.005
Objective To implement sustainable vector control strategies and measures for Japanese encephalitis (JE) by carrying out integrated mosquito prevention and control (IMPC) in developing rural areas of Gansu province as a health, poverty alleviation, and public welfare activity in 2019, and to provide a IMPC package for mosquito control in high-prevalence areas of JE in China. Methods The activity was jointly proposed by professional institutes and social organizations, technically guided by disease control specialists, and implemented by several enterprises and voluntary teams engaged in pest control operation (PCO). Zhaoshi village in Bali town, Jingning county, Pingliang, Gansu province, with the highest incidence rate of JE in 2017, was selected, and integrated management strategies were carried out, including public education for villagers, thorough elimination of mosquito larvae breeding sites, and chemical control in key areas. During the activity, the lamp trapping method was used to monitor the change in mosquito density to evaluate the effect of integrated mosquito control. Results A total of 41 enterprises participated in the activity, and 19 technical specialists and 37 PCO volunteers formed the team of volunteers. Investigation before control showed that bonsai, aquatic plants, cisterns, tanks, and basins were the main containers for water accumulation, with a positive rate of water accumulation of 34.32% and a 100-household index of 85.33. Main mosquito breeding sites in the external environment within and around the village included pipe wells, sewer water, open channels, sewage lagoons, unused bowls/bottles/tanks/cans, and waste tires, with a positive rate of 17.31%. The results of monitoring before control showed that the density of adult mosquitoes was 50.33 mosquitoes/trap/night, and Culex tritaeniorhynchus was the dominant species accounting for 80.13%, followed by Cx. pipiens pallens accounting for 12.91% and Anopheles sinensis accounting for 5.96%. After the first time of prevention and control, the density of adult mosquitoes was reduced to 11.60 mosquitoes/trap/night, with Cx. pipiens pallens accounting for 43.11%, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus accounting for 17.24%, An. sinensis accounting for 5.17%, and other mosquito species accounting for 34.48%, and the mean reduction rate of mosquito density was 76.95%. After the second time of prevention and control, the total mosquito density was reduced to 6.67 mosquitoes/trap/night, with An. sinensis accounting for 42.50%, Cx. pipiens pallens accounting for 17.50%, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus accounting for 15.00%, and other mosquito species accounting for 25.00%; the mean reduction rate of mosquito density was 86.75%, and the reduction rate of peasant households reached 100%. With the implementation of integrated mosquito prevention and control measures, the composition ratio of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus decreased from 80.13% to 15.00%. There was a significant reduction in mosquito larvae breeding sites after on-site public education and treatment, with a reduction rate of 93.24% based on container index. Conclusion The sustainable mosquito control mode of monitoring, control, and evaluation has a good effect in spreading the knowledge of mosquito prevention and control and reducing mosquito density and can be widely used in the high-prevalence areas of JE in China. Such measures should be taken in accordance with local conditions to achieve a better effect.
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