目的 研究上海市白纹伊蚊媒介丰度的空间稳定性，为登革热防控提供依据。方法 2019年5－11月，在上海市以街镇为监测单位，采用诱蚊诱卵器法对白纹伊蚊密度进行监测。计算诱蚊诱卵器阳性率全局空间自相关Moran's I指数，探测整个研究区域内白纹伊蚊的空间聚集模式，使用Spearman相关系数计算不同时间行政区或街镇的诱蚊诱卵器阳性率之间的相关性，计算肯德尔和谐系数（Kendall's W）衡量诱蚊诱卵器阳性率等级顺序之间不同时间的一致性。结果 2019年上海市各行政区年平均诱蚊诱卵器阳性率最高为8.70%，最低为1.88%，中位数为5.46%；各街镇年平均诱蚊诱卵器阳性率最高为30.21%，最低为0，中位数为5.51%。空间分析显示全市西部和北部白纹伊蚊密度较高。街镇和行政区尺度上的Spearman相关系数均表现为：与1周前的Spearman相关系数均表现为高于与3周前的，与3周前的相关系数高于与6周前的，行政区尺度的Spearman相关系数大于街镇尺度。研究期间，以行政区为样本单元的诱蚊诱卵器阳性率的肯德尔和谐系数为0.627（χ2=197.542，P<0.001），以街镇为样本单元的诱蚊诱卵器阳性率肯德尔和谐系数为0.436（χ2=1 802.154，P<0.001）。结论 诱蚊诱卵器阳性率在行政区尺度空间稳定性好于街镇尺度。因此，在加强白纹伊蚊高密度行政区防控的同时，应关注密度异常变化的街镇区域。
Objective To study the spatial stability of vector abundance of Aedes albopictus in Shanghai, China, and to provide a basis for prevention and control of dengue fever. Methods From May to November 2019, sub-district/township-based surveillance of Ae. albopictus density was carried out in Shanghai using mosquito ovitraps. The global spatial autocorrelation Moran's I index was calculated to determine the spatial clustering pattern in the whole study area. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to determine the correlation between the positive rates of mosquito ovitraps in administrative areas or sub-district/townships at different times. Kendall's coefficient of concordance (Kendall's W) was calculated to measure the agreement between rank orders of positive rates of mosquito ovitraps at different times. Results In 2019, the highest, lowest, and median mean positive rates of mosquito ovitraps per year were 8.70%, 1.88%, and 5.46%, respectively, for each administrative area in Shanghai, and were 30.21%, 0, and 5.51%, respectively, for each sub-district/township. Spatial analyses showed that the density of Ae. albopictus was higher in the west and north of the city. The Spearman's correlation coefficients on sub-district/township and administrative area scales were greater for 1 week before as compared with those for 3 weeks before and were greater for 3 weeks before as compared with those for 6 weeks before; the Spearman's correlation coefficients on an administrative area scale were greater than those on a sub-district/township scale. During the study period, the Kendall's W of positive rates of mosquito ovitraps was 0.627 in a sample unit of administrative areas (χ2=197.542, P<0.001), and was 0.436 in a sample unit of sub-districts/townships (χ2=1 802.154, P<0.001). Conclusion The spatial stability of positive rates of mosquito ovitraps on an administrative area scale is better than that on a sub-district/township scale. Therefore, attention should be paid to sub-districts/townships with abnormal density changes while the prevention and control measures are strengthened in administrative areas with a high density of Ae. albopictus.
[1] Li CX,Wang ZM,Dong YD,et al. Evaluation of lambda-cyhalothrin barrier spray on vegetation for control of Aedes albopictus in China[J]. J Am Mosq Control Assoc,2010,26(3):346-348. DOI:10.2987/10-6007.1.
[2] Wang YG,Liu X,Li CL,et al. A survey of insecticide resistance in Aedes albopictus (Diptera:Culicidae) during a 2014 dengue fever outbreak in Guangzhou,China[J]. J Econ Entomol,2017,110(1):239-244. DOI:10.1093/jee/tow254.
[3] Liu Y,Chen Y,Yan HC,et al. A survey of the 2014 dengue fever epidemic in Guangzhou,China[J]. Emerg Microbes Infect,2015,4(9):e57. DOI:10.1038/emi.2015.57.
[4] Xu GZ,Dong HJ,Shi NF,et al. An outbreak of dengue virus serotype 1 infection in Cixi,Ningbo,People's Republic of China,2004,associated with a traveler from Thailand and high density of Aedes albopictus[J]. Am J Trop Med Hyg,2007,76(6):1182-1188. DOI:10.4269/ajtmh.2007.76.1182.
[5] 凌锋,范伟忠,林君芬,等. 浙江省义乌市一起登革热暴发疫情流行病学调查[J]. 疾病监测,2010,25(9):757-759. DOI:10.3784/j.issn.1003-9961.2010.09.028.Ling F,Fan WZ,Lin JF,et al. Epidemiological survey on a dengue fever outbreak in Yiwu,Zhejiang province[J]. Dis Surveill,2010,25(9):757-759. DOI:10.3784/j.issn.1003-9961.2010.09.028.
[6] Yan H,Ding ZY,Yan JY,et al. Epidemiological characterization of the 2017 dengue outbreak in Zhejiang,China and molecular characterization of the viruses[J]. Front Cell Infect Microbiol,2018,8:216. DOI:10.3389/fcimb.2018.00216.
[7] 《上海年鉴》编纂委员会. 成功处置上海首例本地登革热感染病例[M]. 上海:上海年鉴社,2018:453.Shanghai Yearbook Compilation Committee. Successfully handled the first local case of dengue fever infection in Shanghai[M]. Shanghai:Shanghai Yearbook,2018:453.
[8] 须俊明,杨迎宇,孙春卫,等. 上海市宝山区2018年3例本地感染登革热病例疫点伊蚊控制及效果评价[J]. 中华卫生杀虫药械,2019,25(3):204-208. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2019. 03.003.Xu JM,Yang YY,Sun CW,et al. Evaluation on control measures and effects to Aedes albopictus at the epidemic sites of three local occurred dengue fever inflection cases in Baoshan district of Shanghai in 2018[J]. Chin J Hyg Insect Equip,2019,25(3):204-208. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2019.03.003.
[9] 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会. GB/T 23797-2009病媒生物密度监测方法蚊虫[S]. 北京:中国标准出版社,2009.General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China,National Standardization Administration of China. GB/T 23797-2009 Surveillance methods for vector density-Mosquito[S]. Beijing:China Standards Press,2009.
[10] Darnell SJ,Meinke LJ,Young LJ,et al. Geostatistical investigation of the small-scale spatial variation of western corn rootworm (Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae) adults[J]. Environ Entomol,1999,28(2):266-274. DOI:10.1093/ee/28.2.266.
[11] Zhou GF,Munga S,Minakawa N,et al. Spatial relationship between adult malaria vector abundance and environmental factors in western Kenya highlands[J]. Am J Trop Med Hyg,2007,77(1):29-35.
[12] Russell RC,Ritchie SA. Surveillance and behavioral investigations of Aedes aegypti and Ae. polynesiensis in Moorea,French Polynesia,using a sticky ovitrap[J]. J Am Mosq Control Assoc,2004,20(4):370-375.
[13] Moran PAP. Notes on continuous stochastic phenomena[J]. Biometrika,1950,37(1/2):17-23. DOI:10.1093/biomet/37.1-2.17.
[14] 周毅彬,冷培恩,顾君忠,等. 上海市白纹伊蚊密度与气象因素关系的研究[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2014,25(5):405-407. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.4692.2014.05.005.Zhou YB,Leng PE,Gu JZ,et al. Study on relationship between population density of Aedes albopictus and meteorological factors in Shanghai,China[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,2014,25(5):405-407. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.4692.2014.05.005.
[15] 陈小勇,林鹏. 我国红树植物分布的空间自相关分析[J]. 华东师范大学学报,2000(3):104-109. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2000.03.018.Chen XY,Lin P. Spatial autocorrelation analysis on the distribution of mangrove in China[J]. J East China Normal Univ,2000(3):104-109. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2000.03.018.
[16] ESRI. 空间自相关(Global Moran's I)的工作原理[EB/OL]. (2018-08-22)[2020-07-30]. https://desktop.arcgis.com/zh-cn/arcmap/10.3/tools/spatial-statistics-toolbox/h-how-spatial-autocorrelation-moran-s-i-spatial-st.htm.ESRI. How spatial autocorrelation (Global Moran's I) works[EB/OL]. (2018-08-22)[2020-07-30]. https://desktop.arcgis.com/zh-cn/arcmap/10.3/tools/spatial-statistics-toolbox/h-how-spatial-autocorrelation-moran-s-i-spatial-st.htm.
[17] 李玲玲,江震,宋炜路,等. 应用德尔菲法构建男男性行为者个体HIV感染风险评估工具[J]. 中华流行病学杂志,2017,38(10):1426-1430. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2017. 10.026.Li LL,Jiang Z,Song WL,et al. Development of HIV infection risk assessment tool for men who have sex with men based on Delphi method[J]. Chin J Epidemiol,2017,38(10):1426-1430. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2017.10.026.
[18] 朱伟,戈斌,李澜,等. 空间分析在诱蚊诱卵器监测中的应用研究[J]. 寄生虫与医学昆虫学报,2020,27(3):158-163. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-0507.2020.03.004.Zhu W,Ge B,Li L,et al. The Study of the monitoring by mosq-ovitraps with spatial analysis[J]. Acta Parasitol Med Entomol Sin,2020,27(3):158-163. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-0507. 2020.03.004.
