目的 调查分析内蒙古自治区乌兰察布市四子王旗2009－2019年动物鼠疫流行特征，为科学防控鼠疫提供依据。方法 参照《内蒙古自治区鼠疫监测工作方案》，于2009－2019年每年的4－11月对江岸苏木和红格尔苏木及其周边地区进行鼠疫监测。采用弓形夹日法进行鼠密度调查，采用5 m夹线法调查夜间鼠，梳检捕获鼠体蚤，按照《鼠疫诊断标准》（WS 279－2008）对鼠、蚤可检材料进行病原学检测，采用间接血凝试验对鼠类血样进行血清学检测。结果 2009－2019年，乌兰察布市四子王旗鼠疫疫源地的平均鼠密度为2.30只/hm2，其中长爪沙鼠密度为1.71只/hm2；夜间鼠捕获率为1.96%；鼠体染蚤率为27.37%，总蚤指数为1.55；病原学检测共检出阳性动物17只，阳性蚤类32匹；血清学检测共检出阳性血清60份。结论 乌兰察布市四子王旗2009－2019年间动物鼠疫疫情处于活跃状态，未来存在新一轮流行高峰的可能。今后应继续加强鼠疫监测，防止人间鼠疫的发生。
Objective To investigate and analyze the epidemiological characteristics of animal plague in Siziwang banner, Ulanqab, Inner Mongolia, China from 2009 to 2019, and to provide a basis for scientific prevention and control of plague. Methods Surveillance was performed on the plague in Jiang'an sum and Honggor sum and their surrounding areas according to the Plague Monitoring Scheme of Inner Mongolia from April to November each year from 2009 to 2019. The rodent density was investigated using the trap-on-the-day method with bow-shaped clamps, nocturnal rodents were investigated using the 5-meter clamp method, and the fleas were captured by grooming. According to the diagnostic criteria for plague (WS 279-2008), etiological tests were performed on the testable materials from the rodents and fleas, and serological tests were performed on the blood samples of the rodents using indirect hemagglutination assay. Results During 2009-2019, the mean rodent density was 2.30 mice/hm2 in the plague foci of Siziwang banner, Ulanqab, with the density of Meriones unguiculatus being 1.71 mice/hm2. The capture rate of nocturnal rodents was 1.96%. The flea infestation rate of rodents was 27.37% and the total flea index was 1.55. Seventeen positive rodents and 32 positive fleas were found by the etiological tests. Sixty positive serum samples were found by the serological tests. Conclusion The epidemic of animal plague in Siziwang banner, Ulanqab is active from 2009 to 2019, with a potential new round of epidemic peak in the future. Plague surveillance should be strengthened to prevent prevalence of human plague.
[1] 王建晔,李林峰,任东升,等. 四子王旗鼠疫自然疫源地历史及现状概述[J]. 中国地方病防治杂志,2009,24鼠疫监测增刊:91-94. Wang JY,Li LF,Ren DS,et al. History and current situation of plague natural foci in Siziwang banner[J].Chin J Ctrl Endem Dis,2009,24(The Supplement of the Surveillance of Plague):91-94.
[2] 马勇,闫东,史献明,等. 河北省鼠疫监测区2007-2016年鼠类种群变迁研究[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2018,29(2):189-191. Ma Y,Yan D,Shi XM,et al. Study on the change of rodent populations in plague surveillance areas of Hebei province[J].Chin J Vector Biol Control,2018,29(2):189-191.
[3] 张卓,尹冀源,苏华,等. 黑龙江省2001-2010年鼠疫监测结果分析[J]. 中国卫生工程学,2012,11(5):372-373. Zhang Z,Yin JY,Su H,et al.Analysis on plague surveillance in Heilongjiang province in 2001-2010[J].Chin J Pub Heal Eng,2012,11(5):372-373.
[4] 叶青祥,李峰,张建文,等. 四子王旗2010年鼠疫监测结果[J]. 中国地方病防治杂志,2011,26鼠疫监测增刊:131-132. Ye QX,Li F,Zhang JW,et al.Monitoring results on plague in Siziwang banner in 2010[J].Chin J Ctrl Endem Dis,2011,26(The Supplement of the Surveillance of Plague):131-132.
[5] 王海峰,杜国义,史献明,等. 河北省鼠疫自然疫源地鼠疫菌生物学特征的研究概述[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2010,21(6):638-639. Wang HF,Du GY,Shi XM,et al.Biological characteristics of Yersinia pestis in the natural foci in Hebei province[J].Chin J Vector Biol Control,2010,21(6):638-639.
[6] Reijniers J,Davis S,Begon M,et al.A curve of thresholds governs plague epizootics in central Asia[J].Ecol Letters,2012,15(6):554-560.
[7] 许磊,李贵昌,司晓艳,等. 长爪沙鼠鼠疫自然疫源地气候对鼠疫流行影响的非线性效应[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2016,27(4):321-325. Xu L,Li GC,Si XY,et al.Nonlinear effects of climate driven plague in Meriones unguiculatus natural foci in Inner Mongolia[J].Chin J Vector Biol Control,2016,27(4):321-325.
