目的 了解山东省各地区城市蜚蠊种类、密度、侵害率、分布特点及季节消长趋势等变化规律，为蜚蠊防治和爱国卫生工作提供依据。方法 采用粘捕法收集蜚蠊，各监测点每月监测1次，选择餐饮环境、居民区、宾馆、医院、农贸市场和超市，每处布放不少于10张粘蟑纸，晚放晨收，记录粘捕到的蜚蠊种类以及雌、雄成虫和若虫数，并记录有效粘蟑纸数。结果 2019年共粘捕蜚蠊6 935只，经鉴定分别为德国小蠊、美洲大蠊、日本大蠊和黑胸大蠊共4种。蜚蠊年平均密度为0.56只/张，其中超市蜚蠊密度最高为1.73只/张，医院蜚蠊密度最低为0.12只/张；德国小蠊占捕获总数的99.84%，为优势种；蜚蠊年平均侵害率为4.81%，其中超市侵害率最高为7.74%，医院侵害率最低为1.63%。密度季节消长有7和11月2个高峰，侵害率季节消长呈单峰型，最高峰在7月为7.05%。结论 山东省城市环境德国小蠊为优势种；在超市、农贸市场、餐饮环境蜚蠊密度和侵害率较高，7和11月为高峰期，相关部门应高度重视，采取综合防制措施降低蜚蠊密度，减少蜚蠊对居民生活环境侵害和传播疾病风险。
关键词：
蜚蠊; 密度; 种类; 侵害率; 季节消长
Objective To investigate the changes in species, density, infestation rate, distribution characteristics, and seasonal fluctuation of urban cockroaches in various regions of Shandong province, China, and to provide a basis for cockroach prevention and patriotic health work. Methods The sticky trap method was used to collect cockroaches. The surveillance sites in various cities were monitored once a month. Restaurants, residential areas, hotels, hospitals, farmers' markets, and supermarkets were selected. Sticky trap papers were placed in the nighttime and collected in the morning, with no less than 10 sheets at each site. The species of cockroaches captured, the number of female and male adults and nymphs, and the number of effective sticky trap papers were recorded. Results A total of 6 935 cockroaches were trapped in 2019, which were identified as 4 species:Blattella germanica, Periplaneta americana, P. japonica, and P. fuliginosa. The mean annual density of cockroaches was 0.56 cockroaches/sheet, of which supermarkets had the highest density (1.73 cockroaches/sheet) and hospitals had the lowest density (0.12 cockroaches/sheet); the dominant species B. germanica accounted for 99.84% of the total cockroaches; the mean annual infestation rate of cockroaches was 4.81%, of which supermarkets had the highest infestation rate (7.74%) and hospitals had the lowest rate (1.63%). The seasonal fluctuation of cockroach density had two peak periods in July and November; the seasonal fluctuation of infestation rate showed a unimodal trend, reaching its peak (7.05%) in July. Conclusion Blattella germanica is the dominant species in urban habitats of Shandong province; cockroach density and invasion rate in supermarkets, farmers' markets, and restaurants are relatively high, with the peak in July and November. Relevant departments should attach great importance to it and take comprehensive control measures to reduce the cockroach density, so as to reduce the invasion of cockroaches to residents' living environment and the risk of spreading diseases.
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