目的 调查浙江省嘉兴市居民区地下车库蚊虫孳生情况并分析原因及制定对策。方法 2017年4月至2018年3月，采用成蚊诱蚊灯法及诱蚊诱卵器法对居民区地下车库内蚊虫开展监测，同时对车库内蚊虫孳生地进行调查；分别采用多独立样本Kruskal-Waillis检验和两独立样本Mann-Whitney U检验方法比较不同规模和不同封闭类型车库的成蚊密度和诱蚊诱卵指数（MOI）的差异。结果 68处地下车库共捕获蚊虫12 583只，其中雌蚊、雄蚊分别占82.40%（10 368/12 583）和17.60%（2 215/12 583）；蚊种构成以淡色库蚊和致倦库蚊为主，分别占65.25%（8 210/12 583）和33.93%（4 270/12 583）；蚊密度季节消长趋势呈单峰分布，在8月达最高峰。中、小型车库总体蚊密度高于超大型、大型车库（χ2=66.999，P<0.001）；半埋式车库蚊密度高于全埋式，差异有统计学意义（Z=-8.185，P<0.001）。不同规模车库的MOI差异无统计学意义（χ2=2.158，P=0.381）；半埋式车库MOI明显高于全埋式，且差异有统计学意义（Z=4.007，P=0.001）。蚊虫孳生阳性车库占总调查数的79.41%（54/68），孳生地阳性率为23.36%（64/274）。结论 嘉兴市城区居民区地下车库蚊虫孳生及侵害现象明显，需引起重视，在防制措施上重点治理地下车库蚊虫孳生地，同时需建立长效防控机制。
Objective To explore the status of mosquito infestation in the underground garages of residential areas in Jiaxing, Zhejiang province, China, and to analyze the causes and suitable countermeasures. Methods The mosquito trap lamp and mosquito-oviposition trap were used to monitor mosquitoes in the underground garages of residential areas from April 2017 to March 2018, and the mosquito breeding sites in the garages were also investigated. The differences of mosquito density and mosquito ovitrap index (MOI) in garages of different sizes and types of enclosures were compared by Kruskal-Waillis test with multiple independent samples and Mann-Whitney U test with two independent samples, respectively. Results A total of 12 583 mosquitoes were captured in 68 underground garages, of which 82.40% (10 368/12 583) were females and 17.60% (2 215/12 583) were males. Culex pipiens pallens and Cx. pipiens quinquefasciatus were the dominant species, accounting for 65.25% (8 210/12 583) and 33.93% (4 270/12 583), respectively. The seasonal fluctuation of overall mosquito density showed a unimodal trend, reaching its peak in August. Medium and small garages had a significantly higher overall mosquito density than ultra-large and large garages (χ2=66.999, P<0.001). Semi-buried garages had a significantly higher mosquito density than fully buried garages (Z=-8.185, P<0.001). There was no significant difference in MOI between garages of different sizes (χ2=2.158, P=0.381). Semi-buried garages had a significantly higher MOI than fully buried garages (Z=4.007, P=0.001). The positive mosquito infestation garages accounted for 79.41% (54/68) of the total survey, and the positive rate of breeding sites was 23.36% (64/274). Conclusion Mosquito breeding and infestation in the underground garages of residential areas in Jiaxing were obvious, which should be concerned by relevant departments. In terms of prevention and control measures, it is necessary to focus on controlling mosquito breeding sites in underground garages, and to establish a long-term prevention and control mechanism.
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