Objective To evaluate the plague epidemic situation by analyzing the plague surveillance data of the natural plague focus of Marmot himalayan in Tibet autonomous region(Tibet), China, from 2014 to 2018, and to provide a basis for scientific prevention and control of plague in this area. Methods Based on the data of 52 plague natural foci and counties in Lhasa, Shigatse, Shannan, Linzhi, Changdu, Naqu, and Ali during 2014-2018, the database was established by Excel 2003 software, and the data were statistically analyzed by SPSS 17.0 software. Small mice and vector fleas were described by composition ratio, the difference of positive detection rate of Yersinia pestis between different cities (prefectures) was tested by χ2 test. Regression and correlation analysis on the relationship between the number of Y. pestis and marmot density. Results No human plague was reported in Tibet from 2014 to 2018. The surveillance results of animal plague showed that the density of Himalayan marmots (main hosts of plague) was 0.02-0.06 inds/hm2. There was a year-by-year decreasing trend in marmot density distribution over time. The capture rate of small-sized rodents was 1.00%, with Ochotona curzoniae as the dominant species, accounting for 74.88%. Callopsylla dolabris and Oropsylla silantiewi were dominant species in vector fleas. The body flea infestation rate of marmots was 27.84%, with a flea index of 0.52.The burrow flea infestation rate was 0.77%, with a flea index of 0.01. A total of 2 526 animal samples distributed in 6 cities (prefectures) and 21 counties (districts) were tested and 106 strains of Y. pestis were isolated with the positive rate was 4.20%. There was a significant difference in the positive rate of Y. pestis among the cities (prefectures) (χ2=293.646, P<0.001). Among them, Ali was the highest, accounting for 37.14%, and followed by Lhasa, accounting for 10.79%. A total of 29 668 animal serum samples were tested, with 50 samples (39 from wild dogs and 11 from Tibetan sheep) having positive results (positive rate:0.17%), which were distributed in 13 counties/districts in 4 cities/prefectures, especially in Lhasa which contributed the most to the number (27 samples). The number of Y. pestis detected changed linearly with the density of marmot (F=10.751, P=0.046), with a positive correlation (r=0.884, P=0.023). Conclusion No human plague occurred in Tibet from 2014 to 2018. Although animal plague shows a downward trend, it is still prevalent. Due to the grim plague situation, plague surveillance should be strengthened, and integrated and long-term prevention and control measures should be taken, especially in key cities with active epizoonotic situation.
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