Objective To investigate the fauna and distribution of fleas in the southeast of Tibet autonomous region (Tibet), and to provide a basis for further research on flea fauna in the region. Methods With Linzhi in the southeast of Tibet as the research area, small mammals and their parasitic fleas in the farming areas with different altitudes were selected as the research objects. A large rat trap was used for the investigation and sampling of small mammals, their parasitic fleas were collected, and the specimens were classified and identified in the laboratory. Results A batch of flea specimens of Neopsylla Wagner, 1903, were collected, and among them, N. hongyangensis Li, Bai et Chen, 1986, N. specialis schismatosa (Li, 1980) and N. biseta Li et Hsieh, 1964 were discovered for the first time in Tibet and were the new records of local species. This article describes and reports these three species in terms of the main identifying characteristics, distribution areas, host animals, and the structure of female and male terminalia drawn based on the voucher specimens. In addition, this article discusses the problems in the geographical distribution and classification of fleas. Conclusion Up to now, a total of 8 species (subspecies) of Neopsylla have been discovered in Tibet.
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