Objective To investigate the molecular epidemic characteristics of Jingmen tick virus (JMTV) among ticks in northern China by genome amplification and phylogenetic analysis. Methods Ticks samples were collected to prepare tick homogenate and extract total RNA. RT-PCR was used for genome amplification of JMTV. Sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis were performed. Results A total of 277 ticks collected from 3 provinces (Bole city in Xinjiang, Shenyang city in Liaoning, and Changping district in Beijing) were screened for JMTV, and 67 positive samples were observed, with a positive rate of 24.2%. Four strains of JMTV with nearly full-length genome were obtained. Based on the results of the phylogenetic analysis, the segments 1, 2, and 4 of these 4 strains clustered with the rodent-borne JMTV from Xinjiang. The segment 3 of 2 strains clustered with the rodent-borne JMTV from Xinjiang, but the other 2 strains clustered with the tick-borne JMTV from other regions of China, which suggest the possibility of gene reassortment. Conclusion Based on the homology analysis, the newly discovered 4 JMTV strains have the highest homology with the known JMTV in China, with genetic diversity.
[1] Mansfield KL,Lv JZ,Phipps LP,et al. Emerging tick-borne viruses in the twenty-first century[J]. Front Cell Infect Microbiol,2017,7:298. DOI:10.3389/fcimb.2017.00298.
[2] De Souza WM,Fumagalli MJ,de Oliveira Torres Carrasco A,et al. Viral diversity of Rhipicephalus microplus parasitizing cattle in southern Brazil[J]. Sci Rep,2018,8(1):16315. DOI:10.1038/s41598-018-34630-1.
[3] Zhang YZ,He YW,Dai YA,et al. Hemorrhagic fever caused by a novel Bunyavirus in China:pathogenesis and correlates of fatal outcome[J]. Clin Infect Dis,2012,54(4):527-533. DOI:10.1093/cid/cir804.
[4] Qin XC,Shi M,Tian JH,et al. A tick-borne segmented RNA virus contains genome segments derived from unsegmented viral ancestors[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2014,111(18):6744-6749. DOI:10.1073/pnas.1324194111.
[5] Ladner JT,Wiley MR,Beitzel B,et al. A multicomponent animal virus isolated from mosquitoes[J]. Cell Host Microbe,2016,20(3):357-367. DOI:10.1016/j.chom.2016.07.011.
[6] Villa EC,Maruyama SR,de Miranda-Santos IKF,et al. Complete coding genome sequence for Mogiana tick virus,a Jingmenvirus isolated from ticks in Brazil[J]. Genome Announc,2017,5(18):e00232-17. DOI:10.1128/genomeA.00232-17.
[7] Emmerich P,Jakupi X,von Possel R,et al. Viral metagenomics,genetic and evolutionary characteristics of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever Orthonairovirus in humans,Kosovo[J]. Infect Genet Evol,2018,65:6-11. DOI:10.1016/j.meegid.2018.07. 010.
[8] Jia N,Liu HB,Ni XB,et al. Emergence of human infection with Jingmen tick virus in China:a retrospective study[J]. EBioMedicine,2019,43:317-324. DOI:10.1016/j.ebiom. 2019.04.004.
[9] Wang ZD,Wang B,Wei F,et al. A new segmented virus associated with human febrile illness in China[J]. N Engl J Med,2019,380(22):2116-2125. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa1805068.
[10] Sameroff S,Tokarz R,Charles RA,et al. Viral diversity of tick species parasitizing cattle and dogs in Trinidad and Tobago[J]. Sci Rep,2019,9(1):10421. DOI:10.1038/s41598-019-46914-1.
[11] Kuivanen S,Levanov L,Kareinen L,et al. Detection of novel tick-borne pathogen,Alongshan virus,in Ixodes ricinus ticks,south-eastern Finland,2019[J]. Eurosurveillance,2019,24(27):1900394. DOI:10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.27.1900394.
[12] Temmam S,Bigot T,Chrétien D,et al. Insights into the host range,genetic diversity,and geographical distribution of Jingmenviruses[J]. mSphere,2019,4(6):e00645-19. DOI:10.1128/mSphere.00645-19.
[13] Dinçer E,Hacıoǧlu S,Kar S,et al. Survey and characterization of Jingmen tick virus variants[J]. Viruses,2019,11(11):1071. DOI:10.3390/v11111071.
[14] 宋凯丽,熊衍文,刁秀念,等. 新疆维吾尔自治区蜱携带白蛉病毒属病毒遗传特征分析[J]. 疾病监测,2018,33(8):670-673. DOI:10.3784/j.issn.1003-9961.2018.08.014. Song KL,Xiong YW,Diao XN,et al. Genetic characteristics of Phlebovirus carried by ticks in Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region[J]. Dis Surveill,2018,33(8):670-673. DOI:10.3784/j.issn.1003-9961.2018.08.014.
[15] Tamura K,Stecher G,Peterson D,et al. MEGA6:molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 6.0[J]. Mol Biol Evol,2013,30(12):2725-2729. DOI:10.1093/molbev/mst197.
[16] Guindon S,Dufayard JF,Lefort V,et al. New algorithms and methods to estimate maximum-likelihood phylogenies:assessing the performance of PhyML 3.0[J]. Syst Biol,2010,59(3):307-321. DOI:10.1093/sysbio/syq010.
[17] Posada D. jModelTest:phylogenetic model averaging[J]. Mol Biol Evol,2008,25(7):1253-1256. DOI:10.1093/molbev/msn083.
[18] Guo WP,Lin XD,Wang W,et al. Phylogeny and origins of hantaviruses harbored by bats,insectivores,and rodents[J]. PLoS Pathog,2013,9(2):e1003159. DOI:10.1371/journal.ppat.1003159.
[19] Li K,Lin XD,Wang W,et al. Isolation and characterization of a novel arenavirus harbored by rodents and shrews in Zhejiang province,China[J]. Virology,2015,476:37-42. DOI:10.1016/j.virol.2014.11.026.
[20] Li K,Lin XD,Huang KY,et al. Identification of novel and diverse rotaviruses in rodents and insectivores,and evidence of cross-species transmission into humans[J]. Virology,2016,494:168-177. DOI:10.1016/j.virol.2016.04.017.
[21] Meerburg BG,Singleton GR,Kijlstra A. Rodent-borne diseases and their risks for public health[J]. Crit Rev Microbiol,2009,35(3):221-270. DOI:10.1080/10408410902989837.
[22] Wang W,Lin XD,Guo WP,et al. Discovery,diversity and evolution of novel coronaviruses sampled from rodents in China[J]. Virology,2015,474:19-27. DOI:10.1016/j.virol.2014.10. 017.
[23] Oldal M,Sironen T,Henttonen H,et al. Serologic survey of orthopoxvirus infection among rodents in Hungary[J]. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis,2015,15(5):317-322. DOI:10.1089/vbz.2014.1731.
[24] Berto A,Anh PH,Carrique-Mas JJ,et al. Detection of potentially novel paramyxovirus and coronavirus viral RNA in bats and rats in the Mekong Delta region of southern Viet Nam[J]. Zoonoses Public Health,2018,65(1):30-42. DOI:10.1111/zph.12362.
[25] Chen JT,Qin J,Li K,et al. Identification and characterization of a novel subtype of Tula virus in Microtus arvalis obscurus voles sampled from Xinjiang,China[J]. Infect Genet Evol,2019,75:104012. DOI:10.1016/j.meegid.2019.104012.
