目的 掌握康保地区动物间鼠疫监测动态，为准确预测鼠疫疫情提供科学依据，并提出防控对策。方法 结合该地区多年来的监测情况及动物间鼠疫流行情况，运用描述流行病学方法，按照医学统计学方法对2014-2018年康保县鼠疫监测资料进行分析。结果 2014-2018年康保县长爪沙鼠年平均密度为0.14～0.93只/hm2，达乌尔黄鼠年平均密度为0.22～0.69只/hm2，总体呈逐年下降趋势，小型鼠主要优势鼠种为黑线仓鼠，长爪沙鼠平均鼠体蚤染蚤率为22.56%～46.26%，平均鼠体蚤蚤指数为0.57～1.25，主要寄生蚤为秃病蚤蒙冀亚种，达乌尔黄鼠平均鼠体蚤染蚤率为40.56%～88.46%，平均鼠体蚤蚤指数为2.42～6.73，主要寄生蚤为方形黄鼠蚤蒙古亚种。血清学检测阳性3份，分离出鼠疫耶尔森菌6株。结论 康保地区动物间鼠疫监测情况复杂，即使是在野鼠密度较低的时期，仍要继续加强鼠疫监测力度，持续做好灭鼠工作，定期开展鼠疫风险评估，严防当地鼠疫疫情的发生。
Objective To master the plague epidemics among animals in Kangbao county, to provide a scientific basis for accurate prediction of plague epidemic risk, and to put forward measures for plague prevention and control. Methods Based on the results of plague surveillance and epidemics among animals in Kangbao county for years, a descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the plague surveillance data in Kangbao county from 2014 to 2018. Results From 2014 to 2018, the annual mean densities of Meriones unguiculatus and Citellus dauricus in Kangbao county were 0.14-0.93 inds/hm2 and 0.22-0.69 inds/hm2, respectively, which showed a decreasing trend in general year by year. The major dominant species of small rodents was Cricetulus barabensis. The mean rate of M. unguiculatus with flea was 22.56%-46.26%; the mean flea index was 0.57-1.25, and the main parasitic flea was Nosopsyllus laeviceps kuzenkovi. The mean rate of C. dauricus with flea was 40.56%-88.46%; the mean flea index was 2.42-6.73, and the main parasitic flea was Citellophilus tesquorum mongolicus. Serological tests showed three positive materials; six strains of Yersinia pestis were isolated. Conclusion Kangbao county has a complex situation of plague surveillance among animals. Even in periods of low density of wild rodents, it is still necessary to continue to strengthen the plague surveillance, continuously do a good job in deratization, and regularly carry out plague risk assessment, so as to prevent the occurrence of plague epidemic in the area.
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