共建"丝绸之路"经济带和"21世纪海上丝绸之路"是我国深化改革开放特别是向西开放的重大举措。新疆维吾尔自治区（新疆）作为"丝绸之路经济带核心区"，从过去内陆的"口袋底"一跃成为"一带一路"上重要的物流集散地和交通枢纽，如此重要的战略定位对新疆的长足发展来说是重大的历史机遇，但机遇与挑战并存，"丝绸之路"沿线很多国家均为鼠疫自然疫源地，新疆的鼠疫自然疫源地面积达330 000 km2，随着国际运输、旅游等沿线各国交流的日益频繁，鼠疫染疫动物及其制品从鼠疫疫源地向非鼠疫疫源地和人口稠密地区远距离运输的概率也随之增加，加大了鼠疫疫源地以外地区突发鼠疫疫情的风险。新时期，如何做好新疆鼠疫防控工作，促进沿线国家在鼠疫监测、防控及突发鼠疫卫生应急等方面的协调合作，推动"健康丝绸之路"建设显得尤为重要。为此，现就"丝绸之路"经济带建设中新疆鼠疫存在的风险及防控对策作一综述，以期为今后的鼠疫防治工作提供参考。
Co-constructing Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st Century Maritime Silk Road are major initiatives for China to deepen reform and opening-up, especially opening up to the west. As a core area of Silk Road Economic Belt, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Xinjiang), once the "pocket bottom" of the inland, has become an important logistics distribution center and transportation hub of the Belt and Road. Such important strategic positioning signifies a major historical opportunity for the substantial development of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Xinjiang). However, opportunities and challenges coexist. Many countries along the Silk Road are natural foci of plague; in addition, Xinjiang has a natural plague foci of 330 000 square kilometers. With the increasingly frequent exchanges between countries along the Road such as international transportation and tourism, the probability of long-distance transportation of plague-infected animals and their products from plague foci to non-plague foci as well as densely populated areas also increases, which raises the risk of sudden plague outbreaks outside plague foci. In the new era, how to do well in the prevention and control of plague in Xinjiang, how to promote cooperation in plague surveillance, plague prevention and control, and health emergency after plague outbreaks among countries along the Road, and how to boost the development of Healthy Silk Road are particularly important. To this end, this article reviews the risk of plague and its prevention and control strategies in Xinjiang during the development of the Silk Road Economic Belt, with a view to providing a reference for future plague prevention and control.
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