目的 分析宝鸡市流行性乙型脑炎（乙脑）病例的流行病学特征。方法 收集宝鸡市1952-2017年乙脑报告病例数据和2013-2017年急性脑炎/脑膜炎症候群（AMES）监测数据，采用描述性流行病学方法分析乙脑发病趋势，季节、地区和人群分布以及AMES监测中乙脑IgM检测情况。年龄构成比较采用χ2检验。结果 宝鸡市1952-2017年共报告乙脑病例9 807例，年平均发病率为6.06/10万；死亡1 093例，病死率为11.15%。1975年发病率最高（23.06/10万），发病高峰季节在7-8月（93.78%）。1995-2004年，以学生发病为主，占病例总数的41.08%，<15岁病例占57.24%；2005年乙脑疫苗纳入常规免疫后以农民发病为主，占73.36%，<15岁者占15.28%。结论 宝鸡市乙脑发病季节性明显；使用疫苗后<15岁高发年龄组人群构成显著下降，以农民发病为主。
Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of Japanese encephalitis (JE) in Baoji, China. Methods The data of JE cases in Baoji from 1952 to 2017 and the surveillance data of acute meningitis/encephalitis syndrome (AMES) from 2013 to 2017 were collected. The descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the incidence trend and seasonal/regional/population distribution of JE and the detection of JE IgM in AMES surveillance. The χ2 test was used for the analysis of age composition, and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results A total of 9 807 cases of JE were reported in Baoji from 1952 to 2017, with a mean annual incidence rate of 6.06/100 000; a total of 1 093 death cases were reported, resulting in a mortality rate of 11.15%. The highest incidence rate of 23.06/100 000 was observed in 1975, and the peak of disease onset was in July to August (93.78%). From 1995 to 2004, JE often occurred in students (41.08%), and the patients aged <15 years accounted for 57.24%; Since 2005, when JE vaccine had been included in routine immunization, JE often occurred in peasants (73.36%), and the patients aged <15 years accounted for 15.28%. Conclusion The incidence of JE shows a significant seasonality in Baoji; after the use of JE vaccine, JE occurs less frequently in children less than 15 years old, but mostly in peasants.
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