目的 了解临沧市居民区的伊蚊分布，为登革热监测和防治提供科学依据。方法 2017年在云南省临沧市3个边境县的县城和国家级口岸所在乡（镇）居民区设立5个纵向调查点，连续调查12个月，在5个非边境县的县城和每县2个交通干线乡（镇）居民区设立21个横断面调查点，于8－9月开展调查，每个调查点至少入户30户检查所有积水容器、捕捞和鉴定伊蚊4龄幼蚊，用伊蚊幼蚊阳性容器数分别计算布雷图指数（BI）和容器指数（CI）。结果 共调查26个乡（镇），累计入户调查18 368户次，调查容器35 289个，阳性容器814个，总BI和总CI分别为4.43和2.31%，BI和CI季节分布分别呈双峰型和单峰型，BI高峰为8和10月，CI高峰为8月；白纹伊蚊、埃及伊蚊和圆斑伊蚊阳性容器构成比分别为75.92%、23.96%和0.12%，永久性容器和暂时性容器阳性率分别为0.10%和1.92%；84.62%的乡（镇）有伊蚊分布，其中白纹伊蚊、埃及伊蚊和圆斑伊蚊分别分布于80.77%、23.08%和3.85%的乡（镇）。5个纵向调查点中，年度累计BI和CI最高的均为中缅边境耿马傣族佤族自治县孟定镇，分别为9.90和6.80%，月份BI和CI以8月最高，分别为9.67和4.75%，孟定镇埃及伊蚊阳性容器构成比为86.76%，其中水桶、轮胎、花瓶、废弃瓶罐和其他容器分别占23.96%、22.92%、7.81%、8.85%和36.46%。结论 临沧市居民区白纹伊蚊分布广泛，埃及伊蚊适应能力强，已扩散至临沧市3个县6个乡（镇），在边境局部地区成为伊蚊优势蚊种，并呈现进一步扩散趋势。

Objective To investigate the distribution of Aedes mosquitoes in residential areas of Lincang in Yunnan province, China, and to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of dengue fever. Methods Five longitudinal survey sites were set up for a 12-month consecutive investigation in the residential areas of three border counties and townships with state-level ports in Lincang in 2017. A total of 21 cross-sectional survey sites were set up for one-off investigation from August to September, 2017 in 5 non-border counties and 2 towns from each county located on main traffic lines. At least 30 households were investigated at each survey site and all water containers were checked. The fourth-instar larvae of Aedes were collected and identified, and the number of containers with Aedes larvae were used to calculate Breteau index (BI) and container index (CI). Results A total of 18 368 households and 35 289 containers were investigated in 26 townships. There were 814 positive containers, the overall BI and CI were 4.43 and 2.31%, respectively. The seasonal distribution of BI showed a bimodal pattern, with peaks in August and October, and the seasonal distribution of CI showed a unimodal pattern, with a peak in August. The constituent ratio of positive containers was 75.92% for Ae. albopictus, 23.96% for Ae. aegypti, and 0.12% for Ae. annandalei, and the positive rates of permanent and temporary containers were 0.10% and 1.92%, respectively. Aedes mosquitoes were distributed in 84.62% of the townships; Ae. albopictus, Ae. aegypti, and Ae. annandalei were distributed in 80.77%, 23.08%, and 3.85% of the townships, respectively. Among the five longitudinal survey sites, the highest annual cumulative BI and CI (9.90 and 6.80%) and monthly BI and CI (9.67 and 4.75% in August) were observed in Mengding town of Gengma county bordered with Myanmar, and the constituent ratio of Ae. aegypti-positive containers in Mengding town was 86.76%, among which buckets, waste tires, vases, waste bottles, and other containers accounted for 23.96%, 22.92%, 7.81%, 8.85%, and 36.46%, respectively. Conclusion Aedes albopictus is widely distributed in residential areas of Lincang. Aedes aegypti has strong adaptability and has spread to 6 townships of 3 counties in Lincang. It has become the dominant species of Aedes mosquitoes in some border areas and tend to spread to other regions.