目的 回顾分析四川省1999－2017年2起人间鼠疫疫情，为应对和处置人间鼠疫提供科学依据。方法 收集与四川省1999－2017年2起人间鼠疫相关的流行病学调查报告、菌株生化试验鉴定报告、菌株毒力鉴定报告等文献资料，运用Excel 2007对流行病学、临床表现、实验室诊断和疫情处置等数据资料进行整理、对比和统计分析。结果 2起鼠疫均为牧民在剥皮（食）自毙野生染疫动物的过程中，鼠疫耶尔森菌直接经伤口入血而引起的突发公共卫生事件。1999年石渠县呷依乡人间鼠疫，死亡5例；2012年理塘县村戈乡人间鼠疫，死亡1例。结论 2起人间鼠疫给当地居民健康带来严重影响，总结人间鼠疫处置经验，以便更加及时、有效、科学地应对人间鼠疫的发生。

Objective To retrospectively analyze two human plague epidemics in Sichuan province, China, from 1999 to 2017, and to provide a scientific basis for response to and disposal of human plagues. Methods Data were collected from the epidemiological investigation reports, the reports of biochemical tests for strain identification, the reports of tests for identification of strain virulence, and the literature related to the above two plagues. Microsoft Excel 2007 was used to collate, compare, and statistically analyze the data on epidemiology, clinical manifestation, laboratory diagnosis, and epidemic disposal. Results The two public health emergency events were caused by Yersinia pestis in the blood directly via the wounds of the herdsmen while peeling/eating naturally dead animals. Five people died from human plague in Gayi town, Shiqu county, Sichuan, in 1999, and one died from human plague in Cunge town, Litang county, Sichuan, in 2012. Conclusion The two human plague epidemics have brought great impacts on the health of local residents, and a summary of treatment experience of human plague helps to deal with the development of human plague in timely, effective, and scientific manner.