目的 了解新疆维吾尔自治区（新疆）灰旱獭－长尾黄鼠双宿主自然疫源地鼠疫流行现状，为今后的鼠疫防治工作提供科学依据。方法 2006－2010年按照《新疆鼠疫防治监测规程》对古尔图镇鼠疫监测点进行长尾黄鼠和灰旱獭密度监测，采用鼠疫4步法检验长尾黄鼠脏器和体蚤，间接血凝试验检测长尾黄鼠及牧犬血清中鼠疫F1抗体，根据动物鼠疫流行病学方法进行调查，采用Excel 2007软件进行数据分析。结果 2006－2010年乌苏古尔图鼠疫自然疫源地长尾黄鼠和灰旱獭平均密度分别为14.64和0.61只/hm²，染蚤率为90.72%，平均蚤指数为7.09；检测长尾黄鼠血清2 532份，检出鼠疫F1抗体阳性130份，检测牧犬血清132份，阳性8份；从长尾黄鼠及其体蚤中分离出鼠疫耶尔森菌67株。结论新疆长尾黄鼠动物间鼠疫连年流行，存在波及人间的风险，应加强主动监测，同时做好宣传工作。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of animal plague in Marmota baibacina-Spermophilus undulatus natural focus and provide basis for prevention and control of plague. Methods Surveillance was carried out on the density of S. undulatus and M. baibacina in Guertu between 2006 and 2010 according to the rule of plague prevention and surveillance in Xinjiang. The four-step test was performed for inspect visceral organs and body fleas of S. undulatus. Indirect hemagglutination assay was used to detect F1 antibody in the serum of S. undulatus and shepherd dogs. Statistical analysis was performed using Excel 2007 software according to animal plague epidemiology. Results The mean density of S. undulatus and M. baibacina in Guertu plague focus between 2006 and 2010 were 14.64/hm² and 0.61/hm², respectively. The rate of carrying flea was 90.72% and the mean flea index was 7.09. The serological test showed that 130 were positive for F1 antibody among 2 532 serum samples of S. undulatus, and 8 were positive for F1 antibody among 132 serum samples of shepherd dogs. A total of 67 strains of Yersinia pestis were isolated from S. undulatus and its body fleas. Conclusion The plague among S. undulatus in Xinjiang has been prevalent for many years, and human beings might be infected. Thus, surveillance should be performed actively and publicity should be also carried out at the same time.