目的 分析黑龙江省2014－2016年肾综合征出血热（HFRS）宿主动物疫情监测情况，预测HFRS的流行趋势，为制定防控方案提供科学依据。方法 2014－2016年在黑龙江省内野外与村内10个监测点采用夹夜法捕鼠，应用免疫荧光法，检测鼠肺汉坦病毒（HV）抗原和鼠血清HV抗体。使用Excel 2016与SPSS 19.0软件处理数据和统计分析。结果 10个监测点共布放鼠夹131 732夹次，捕鼠9 270只，平均鼠密度为7.04%。其中野外鼠密度为7.01%，村内鼠密度为7.09%，差异无统计学意义（χ2=1.734，P=0.420）。3年间捕鼠9种，优势鼠种均为黑线姬鼠和褐家鼠。鼠平均带病毒率为5.68%，平均感染率为10.19%，感染率是带病毒率的1.79倍。褐家鼠带病毒率（9.63%）、感染率（13.88%）均高于黑线姬鼠带病毒率（3.16%）和感染率（8.14%）。结论黑龙江省HFRS宿主动物密度较高，鼠种较多，鼠带病毒率、感染率均较高，褐家鼠3年平均带病毒率、感染率均高于黑线姬鼠。为进一步降低黑龙江省HFRS发病率，仍需加强宿主动物监测，落实防鼠灭鼠和国家HFRS扩大免疫规划项目工作。
Objective To predict the prevalence trend of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Heilongjiang province, through monitoring of the epidemic situation of HFRS host animals from 2014 to 2016, and to provide a scientific basis for the development of prevention and control plans. Methods The trap-at-night method was used to catch rats from 10 monitoring points in fields and villages in Heilongjiang province from 2014 to 2016. Immunofluorescence assay was used to detect Hantavirus (HV) antigen in rodent lungs and HV antibody in rodent serum. Data and statistical analysis process by using Excel 2016 and SPSS 19.0 software. Results In Heilongjiang province from 2014 to 2016, 131 732 rodent clips were placed at 10 monitoring points, and 9 270 rats were captured. The mean density of rats was 7.04%, with 7.01% in fields and 7.09% in villages; there was no significant difference (χ2=1.734, P=0.420). Nine species of rodents were captured in three years, and the dominant species were Apodemus agrarius and Rattus norvegicus. The mean infection rate was 1.79 times the virus-carrying rate (10.19% vs 5.68%). The virus-carrying rate and infection rate of R. norvegicus (9.63% and 13.88%, respectively) were higher than those of A. agrarius (3.16% and 8.14%, respectively). Conclusion HFRS host animals have a high population density, biodiversity, and high virus-carrying rate and infection rate in Heilongjiang province. The mean virus-carrying rate and infection rate of R. norvegicus in 2014-2016 was higher than those of A. agrarius. In order to further reduce the incidence of HFRS in this province, it is necessary to strengthen monitoring of host animals and to implement rodent control and the national project for expanding the immunization against HFRS.
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