目的 分析江西省首起登革热本地感染病例流行病学特点，评价防控措施效果，为登革热防控提供依据。方法 收集2017年9－10月江西省首起登革热本地感染病例疫情资料并进行描述性分析，采集病例血清、白纹伊蚊幼虫标本进行病毒核酸检测，采集核心区健康人群血清标本检测IgG抗体；布雷图指数（BI）法和双层叠帐法用于防蚊灭蚊效果评价。结果 3例登革热确诊病例均属登革热病毒2型，发病时间间隔17 d，无外出旅行史。共检测伊蚊幼虫1 000余条，均为阴性，核心区健康人群登革热病毒IgG阳性率为3.00%；核心区、警戒区范围内采取杀灭成蚊、清除蚊媒孳生地后，BI由首次监测的22.43下降为0.98，核心区平均叮咬指数均控制在≤2只/（人·h）。结论 该起疫情为江西省首起登革热本地感染病例引起，采取措施后得到有效控制。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of the first indigenous dengue cases in Jiangxi province, China, to evaluate the efficacy of the prevention and control strategies, and to provide a basis for the prevention and control of dengue fever. Methods The information of the first indigenous dengue cases in Jiangxi province from September to October, 2017 was collected for descriptive analyses. Serum samples of the cases and Aedes albopictus larvae were collected for the detection of viral nucleic acids. Serum samples of healthy people in the core area were collected for IgG antibody detection. The results of mosquito prevention and elimination were evaluated by Breteau index (BI) and the double mosquito net method. Results The three dengue patients were all infected with dengue virus type Ⅱ. The time interval between onsets of fever was 17 days. None of them had travel history. A total of about 1 000 Ae. albopictus larvae samples were tested and turned out to be negative. In the core area, 3.00% of the healthy people were positive for dengue IgG. After the elimination of adult mosquitoes and breeding sources in the core area and the warning area, BI decreased from 22.43 at the first surveillance to 0.98 at the ninth surveillance; the mean biting index was controlled no higher than 2 mosquitoes/person·hour in the core area. Conclusion The outbreak is the first indigenous dengue infection in Jiangxi province. It has been effectively controlled by appropriate epidemic management.