目的 掌握云南省大理市洱海周边居民区蚊虫种类组成及其重要媒介生态学习性特征，为当地制定蚊媒传染病防控措施提供依据。方法 2016年9月至2017年8月，在大理市洱海周边居民区采用诱蚊灯通宵捕蚊法采集成蚊，同时于雨季6－9月期间采用幼虫捕捞法在不同孳生地捕捞蚊幼虫，所获成蚊和4龄蚊幼虫进行形态学种类鉴定。结果 共捕获3亚科11属37种（亚种）29 667只成蚊及蚊幼虫，其中成蚊2亚科7属29种（亚种）20 069只，4龄蚊幼虫3亚科10属27种9 598条。三带喙库蚊为当地成蚊主要优势种（16 997/20 069，84.68%），白纹伊蚊和骚扰阿蚊幼虫分别占当地捕获幼虫总数的26.87%（2 579/9 598）和20.14%（1 933/9 598）。三带喙库蚊和致倦库蚊全年均有活动，9月为2种蚊虫种群密度高峰，三带喙库蚊幼虫主要孳生于稻田、溪流和水沟等，致倦库蚊幼虫主要孳生于花瓶、盆和罐的积水中；中华按蚊主要孳生于稻田、溪流和水沟，密度高峰为9月；白纹伊蚊主要孳生于废旧轮胎、废弃水井和居民景观池中。结论 大理市洱海周边居民区蚊虫种类丰富，三带喙库蚊、中华按蚊和白纹伊蚊孳生环境丰富、种群数量高、分布广，建议当地疾控部门加强重要疾病蚊虫媒介监测。

Objective To investigate the mosquito species in the residential area around Erhai Lake in Dali, Yunnan province, China, and important features of ecological habit, and to provide a basis for developing local prevention and control measures for mosquito-borne diseases. Methods From September 2016 to August 2017, adult mosquitoes were collected by the mosquito lamp in the residential area around Erhai Lake, and larvae were collected by larvae fishing in different breeding sites during the rainy season from June to September. Morphological identification was performed for all the adult mosquitoes and stage Ⅳ larvae collected. Results A total of 29 667 adult mosquitoes and larvae were collected, with 37 species (subspecies) of 11 genera in 3 subfamilies, including 20 069 adult mosquitoes from 29 species of 7 genera in 2 subfamilies and 9 598 stage Ⅳ larvae from 27 species of 10 genera in 3 subfamilies. Culex tritaeniorhynchus was the dominant species (16 997/20 069, 84.68%); the larvae of Aedes albopictus and Armigeres subalbatus accounted for 26.87% (2 579/9 598) and 20.14% (1 933/9 598), respectively, of all larvae collected. Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Cx. pipiens quinquefasciatus were found during the whole year, with peak population densities in September; rice field, stream, and gutterway were the major breeding sites for the larvae of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, and the water gathered in vase, basin, and pot was the major breeding site for the larvae of Cx. pipiens quinquefasciatus. The main breeding sites for Anopheles sinensis were rice field, stream, and gutterway, with a peak population density in September. The main breeding sites for Ae. albopictus were junked tire, abandoned wells, and landscape pond. Conclusion There are abundant mosquito species in the residential area around Erhai Lake. Culex tritaeniorhynchus, An. sinensis, and Ae. albopictus have various breeding sites, high population numbers, and a wide distribution. Local health authorities should strengthen the monitoring of mosquitoes for mosquito-borne diseases.