目的 了解2017年湖北省荆州市肾综合征出血热（HFRS）流行特征、宿主动物分布及其携带汉坦病毒情况，为HFRS的监测及防控提供科学依据。方法 采用描述性流行病学方法分析2017年荆州市HFRS疫情资料，在疫情高发县（市、区）开展宿主动物调查。采用χ2检验和Fisher确切概率法进行率的比较。结果 2017年荆州市共报告HFRS病例124例，发病率为2.17/10万。发病率居前3位的县（市、区）依次分别为江陵县（6.94/10万）、监利县（3.03/10万）和洪湖市（2.59/10万），发病高峰为5-6月和11-12月，发病人群主要是青壮年男性农民。宿主动物调查显示，平均鼠密度为5.28%，鼠带病毒率为12.44%，带病毒鼠指数为0.08。室内平均鼠密度为5.73%，以黄胸鼠为优势鼠种，未检出汉坦病毒；野外平均鼠密度为5.13%，鼠带病毒率为17.02%，带病毒鼠指数为0.09。总体来看，野外优势鼠种为黑线姬鼠，但监利县为褐家鼠，在未收虾稻田中捕获。结论 2017年荆州市HFRS人间及鼠间疫情形势严峻，黑线姬鼠为优势鼠种，褐家鼠迁移至野外应引起重视。
Objective To study the epidemic situation of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and the distribution and virus-carrying situation of host animals in 2017, to provide a scientific basis for the monitoring and prevention of HFRS. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted on the survey data. The investigation of host animals was carried out in high incidence counties (cities and districts). Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were used to compare the rates. Results A total of 124 HFRS cases including four deaths were reported,the incidence rate was 2.17/100 000. The top three regions of incidence were Jiangling county (6.94/100 000), Jianli county (3.03/100 000) and Honghu city (2.59/100 000). Two peak seasons were observed in spring (May-June) and winter (November-December). The majority of the patients are young males and middle-aged farmers. The investigation of host animals showed that the average density of rodent was 5.28%, the rate of virus carrier of rodent was 12.44%, the average index of virus harborage was 0.08. The average density of rodent was 5.73% indoors. The Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus), not carrying Hantavirus, was the predominant species. In the field, the average density of rodent was 5.13%, the rate of virus carrier of rodent was 17.02%,the average index of virus carriage was 0.09. Apodemus agrarius, the reservoir of HNTV, was the predominant species in general. But R. norvegicus was the predominant species in Jianli county and was trapped in paddy field with raising craw fish and rice alternately. Conclusion Human and rodent epidemic situation are severe in Jingzhou city. Apodemus agrarius is still the main reservoir host of HFRS in Jingzhou city. The relevant departments should pay attention to the R. norvegicus,which migrated from indoor to the field.
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