目的 建立近似种热带臭虫与温带臭虫形态学和分子鉴定的方法。方法 2017年7月在深圳市某大学集体宿舍和山东省泰安某大学集体宿舍分别发现并采集到热带臭虫和温带臭虫。比较热带臭虫与温带臭虫外部形态特征及线粒体基因细胞色素C氧化酶亚基Ⅰ（COI）基因、16S rDNA和核糖体基因28S rDNA、ITS2的序列，构建（Neighbor-Joining，NJ）进化树。结果 虽然热带臭虫与温带臭虫成虫的外部形态相似，但仍可以从前胸背板、翅基、足和腹部的细微特征区别进行鉴定，COI、16S rDNA、28S rDNA、ITS2 4个基因的DNA序列种内差异均<2%，种间差异均>2%，在构建的4个基因NJ进化树中，2个种均能各自聚为一支，且支持率均达100%。结论 热带臭虫和温带臭虫成虫可以利用外部形态鉴定，并能用常规的分子标记进行分子鉴定。形态和分子相结合的鉴定方法，为仅依赖形态特征难以区分的近似种的鉴定提供了一个高效的方法。
Objective To establish a method for the morphological and molecular identification of Cimex hemipterus and C. lectularius. Methods In July 2017, C. hemipterus were found and collected in a dormitory in a university in Shenzhen and C. lectularius were found and collected in a dormitory in a university in Tai'an, Shandong. The morphological characteristics of C. hemipterus and C. lectularius were compared and described. Neighbor-Joining (NJ) phylogenetic tree were constructed with mitochondrial gene COI, 16S rDNA, and ribosomal genes 28S rDNA, ITS2. Results Although the adults of C. hemipterus and C. lectularius were similar in external morphology, but they still can be identified and separated by the detailed characteristics differences on their prodorsum, elytra, leg and abdomen. The differences of intra-species DNA sequences based on four genes were less than 2%, and differences of inter-species DNA sequence based on four genes were more than 2%. In all the four NJ trees, C. hemipterus and C. lectularius were clustered into one single branch separately, and the support rate were 100%. Conclusion Cimex hemipterus and C. lectularius can be identified by their external morphology, and can be identified with the common adopted molecular marker. Molecular identification is a good tool to test the results of morphology. Combining the morphology and molecular identification together can provide a conclusive evidence for the morphological closely related species.
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