目的 对河南省37例网络直报为疟疾的病例进行实验室检测及流行病学分析，为输入性疟疾防治提供科学依据。方法 分别采用镜检、快速诊断试剂和巢氏PCR 3种检测方法对2016年10－12月收集到的37份疟疾血样标本进行检测，SPSS 18.0软件用于数据统计学分析，率的比较采用χ2检验。结果 37例疟疾病例多为青壮年男性，输入地均来自非洲，综合患者流行病学史、临床表现及3种实验室检测方法，最终确诊35例，其中，恶性疟25例，间日疟2例，卵形疟6例，三日疟1例，混合感染1例，2例为阴性，阳性率94.59%。结论 对从非洲等疟疾高流行区返回的归国人员，须进行疟疾筛查。镜检、快速诊断试剂和巢氏PCR 3种疟疾检测方法各有优缺点，建议3种方法结合使用，以提高疟疾诊断效率。
Objective To analyze the laboratory detection methods and epidemiological characteristics of 37 web-reported malaria cases, thus provide scientific basis for the imported malaria diagnosis. Methods Thirty-seven samples collected during October to December in 2016 were detected using microscopy, rapid diagnostic reagents and nested-PCR, and then SPSS 18.0 software was used for data statistical analysis, and Chi square test was used for comparison of the rates. Results Thirty-seven cases of malaria infections were mostly young men and all of them came back from Africa. Combining epidemiological history and clinical manifestations of the cases, we finally confirmed 35 positive cases using three laboratory tests. The cases of Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae and mixed infection were 25, 2, 6, 1, 1 respectively, and another 2 reported-cases were negative. The positive rate was 94.59%. Conclusion Malaria screening is required for the persons returning from malaria endemic areas such as Africa. All three detection methods have their own advantages and disadvantages in detection of malaria, thus they should be better used in combination to improve the efficiency of malaria diagnosis.
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