目的 了解河南省白纹伊蚊幼虫密度及其季节消长情况，为媒介传染性疾病的预防控制提供基础资料。方法 2016年5-10月在河南省选取17个监测点，采用布雷图指数（BI）法、容器指数（CI）法和诱蚊诱卵器（MOI）法对白纹伊蚊幼虫进行监测，对比不同指数的消长趋势。结果 河南省白纹伊蚊幼虫平均BI、CI和MOI分别为23.51、15.30%和7.86；以7-9月为密度高峰期，BI、CI和MOI最高值分别出现在8、9和8月，依次为32.40、20.26%和25.77，BI和CI均呈单峰分布，MOI呈双峰分布。结论 白纹伊蚊在河南省城乡居民区广泛分布，密度较高，季节高峰在夏秋季。建议各地深入开展城乡环境卫生整治行动，清除闲置小型积水和蚊虫孳生地，避免登革热、寨卡病毒病和黄热病等伊蚊传播疾病的暴发流行。

Objective To survey Aedes albopictus larval population density and seasonal distribution, and provide basic vector biology for the prevention and control of vector-borne diseases in Henan province. Methods Breteau index(BI), container index(CI) and mosq-ovitrap index(MOI) were used in urban and rural community during May to October 2016 and compared the seasonal changes of these indexes in 17 monitoring sites. Results The provincial average BI was 23.51, peak BI was 32.40 in August; average CI was 15.30%, peak CI was 20.26% in September; average MOI was 7.86, peak MOI was 25.77 in August. BI and CI peaks were unimodal, MOI peak was bimodal. Conclusion Aedes albopictus was widely distributed in urban and rural communities with high abundance. It is recommended to carry out urban and rural environmental sanitation to reduce the breeding of Aedes mosquitoes, and avoid outbreaks of mosquito-borne diseases such as dengue fever, Zika, or yellow fever.