目的 调查分析云南省保山市鼠疫动物宿主、媒介种类和密度情况，为鼠疫防控提供科学依据。方法 2008－2015年在保山市5个县（区）各乡（镇）鼠疫监测点，室内采用鼠笼、室外采用鼠夹法捕获小兽，计算小兽密度、蚤指数和染蚤率，运用R version 3.4.2软件对数据进行统计分析；采用IHA检测小兽鼠疫F1抗体，用病原体分离方法培养小兽肝、脾和蚤类标本。结果 共捕获小兽19 504只，隶属3目7科19属25种，室内小兽密度平均为0.84%，室外小兽密度平均为0.95%；共检小兽13 978只，染蚤小兽4 749只，检获蚤隶属于5科15属21种，染蚤率为33.97%，不同小兽种类的染蚤率差异有统计学意义（χ²=749.167，P=0.000），不同县（区）蚤种差异亦有统计学意义（χ²=5 016.086，P=0.000）；培养小兽肝、脾标本18 392份，均未分离到鼠疫耶尔森菌，IHA检测5 380份血清标本，均为阴性。结论 近年来保山市鼠疫宿主、媒介种类和密度保持相对稳定，需要进一步加强监测，以便及时发现和处置异常情况。

Objective To analyze the status on plague hosts, vectors and their densities in Baoshan city, in order to provide scientific evidences for preventing and controlling plague. Methods The cages and rat clips were used for capturing the rodents at township surveillance sites among the 5 counties, Baoshan city, and the densities of rodents, flea index, and the percent of rodents carrying fleas were calculated. Plague F1 antibody was tested by IHA. The rodents' liver-and spleen-tissue were cultured for the Yersinia pestis. R version 3.4.2 software was used for analyzing the data. Results A total of 19 504 rodents were captured, belonging to 3 orders, 7 families, 19 genera and 25 species (Subfamily). The average indoor and outdoor rodent infestations was 0.84% and 0.95%, respectively. A total of 13 978 of captured rodents were examined and there were 4 749 rodents carried the fleas, the examined fleas were 21 species from 5 families and 15 genera, the average flea infected rate was 33.97%, the flea infected rate were different among rodents (χ²=749.167, P=0.000), and also there were significant differences among different areas (χ²=5 016.086, P=0.000). No plague bacterial was isolated among cultured 18 392 rodent samples, and all 5 380 sera samples tested negative. Conclusion The plague hosts, vectors and their densities have been kept at a relative stable level in recent years. However, the plague surveillance should be intensified for timely monitoring and responding to its outbreak risks.