目的 通过现场试验了解新型环保杀鼠剂胆钙化醇的灭鼠效果。方法 2017年1-2月在上海市长宁区内选择两块环境条件、面积、鼠密度相似的居民小区，分别在试验区投放胆钙化醇蜡丸毒饵，对照区投放大隆蜡丸毒饵，观察两种药物的灭鼠效果和拖食情况。结果 试验区和对照区的鼠密度下降率分别为87.02%和82.81%，灭鼠效果差异无统计学意义（χ2灭后密度=0.293，P=0.589）；胆钙化醇杀鼠剂的拖食率（3.51%）低于大隆杀鼠剂（5.43%），差异有统计学意义（χ2=4.205，P=0.040）。结论 胆钙化醇杀鼠剂可有效降低居民区外环境的鼠密度。应探索新型杀鼠剂的应用，建议我国鼠类防制总结胆钙化醇杀鼠剂应用范围和技术，尤其是特定场所的投药方式、频次和灭鼠效果，为鼠类防制提供支持。
Objective To study field control effect of a new environmental-friendly rodenticide cholecalciferol. Methods Two residential areas were chosen where the environmental condition, the size of area and the rat density were similar in Changning district from January to February in 2017. Cholecalciferol wax pills were used in the treated area and brodifacoum wax pills in the untreated control area for observing the long term effect and feeding situation. Results The decline rates of rat density in the treated area and the control area were 87.02% and 82.81%, respectively. There was no significant difference between two rodenticides(χ2=0.293, P=0.589); the feeding rates of 2 baits were 3.51% and 5.43%. The feeding rate of cholecalciferol was lower than that of brodifacoum, and there were significant differences(χ2=4.205, P=0.040). Conclusion The cholecalciferol rodenticide can effectively reduce the rodent density. With the incoming anticoagulant rodenticide restriction, we suggest gradual introduction and promotion of cholecalciferol and other environmental rodenticides in rodent control in our country, especially development of dosage, application frequency, and control techniques to provide more support for the rodent management.
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