目的 了解我国人居及周边环境蜚蠊的常见种类、密度和季节消长规律，为科学有效防控蜚蠊提供依据。方法 收集整理2006-2015年我国病媒生物监测国家级监测点蜚蠊数据，分析其种类构成比，比较不同种类、不同环境、不同省份蜚蠊密度差异及季节消长规律。结果 2006-2015年捕获蜚蠊中德国小蠊占95.64%，密度达0.86只/张，且其在各环境的密度均为最高；美洲大蠊排第2位。蜚蠊总密度及侵害率在餐饮行业与农贸市场接近，均较高，密度分别达1.53和1.46只/张，侵害率分别为19.41%和18.89%，医院的密度和侵害率最低；德国小蠊在各环境的密度排名与蜚蠊总密度相同，美洲大蠊则以农贸市场密度最高。捕获蜚蠊总密度和总侵害率总体上呈下降趋势，但其分别在2013和2012年后有所上升；德国小蠊和美洲大蠊与蜚蠊总密度的年消长趋势相似；监测省份中蜚蠊密度大部分< 1.50只/张，以四川省密度最高，达3.19只/张；蜚蠊的侵害率大部分均< 20%，以山西、海南省的侵害率最高，均> 30%。各监测点捕获蜚蠊总密度和侵害率季节消长趋势呈单峰型，分别在9和10月达到峰值；优势种德国小蠊与总密度季节消长趋势一致；美洲大蠊的季节消长趋势也呈单峰曲线，但在6-9月密度一直较高；不同环境中蜚蠊密度和侵害率基本均呈单峰曲线，但农贸市场、宾馆、医院侵害率呈双峰曲线，在2月和6-10月各出现一个高峰。结论 我国人居及周边环境中德国小蠊为绝对优势种；蜚蠊密度和侵害率总体上呈下降趋势，但2014年前后有反弹，需注意监测；餐饮行业和农贸市场环境蜚蠊密度和侵害率较高，要加强该类环境蜚蠊的监测和防制；总体上8-10月是我国蜚蠊活动的高峰期，需在高峰前做好防制工作。

Objective To understand species, population density and seasonal fluctuations of cockroaches in human habitats and surroundings in China and provide the avenue for prevention and control of cockroaches. Methods The surveillance data of cockroaches by sticky paper traps from 45 national surveillance sites were collected between 2006 and 2015. The species composition, density and seasonal and annual fluctuations of different species of cockroaches in different habitats, province were compared. Results Percentage of Blattella germanica was 95.64%, its density was 0.86 cockroaches per paper and was the highest in all 5 monitored habitats; Periplaneta americana was the second. The densities and infestation rates of cockroaches in catering and on farm produce markets were similar and were the highest. The density was 1.53 and 1.46 cockroaches per paper in catering and on farm produce markets, respectively and the infestation rate was 19.41% and 18.89%, respectively. The density and the infestation rate in hospital were all the lowest. Blattella germanica has the same rankings in different habitats as the total density of cockroaches, but P. americana was different and the highest in density on farm produce markets. Overall, density and the infestation rate were all decreasing since 2006, but then increasing since 2014 and 2013, respectively. Blattella germanica, P. americana and total cockroaches had same annual fluctuation of density. Density in most of provinces was lower than 1.50 cockroaches per paper. Sichuan province was 3.19 and was the highest. Infestation rate in most of provinces was lower than 20%. Shanxi and Hainan province were the highest and higher than 30%. There was a single peak in September and in October, respectively, during the seasonal fluctuation of density and infestation rate of total cockroaches. The seasonal fluctuations of B. germanica and total cockroach was similar, but P. americana was different, and there was a single peak from June to September. The seasonal fluctuation of density and infestation rate of total cockroaches in different habitats were generally single peaked. There was another peak of infestation rate in February on farm produce markets, hotel and hospital. Conclusion Blattella germanica was the only predominant cockroach species in human habitats and surroundings in China. The density of cockroaches generally decreased since 2006. However, it increased since 2014. Therefore surveillance can't be overlooked. More attentions should be paid on cockroach control in catering and on farm produce markets, for density in those habitats was higher than in other habitats. As a whole the density and infestation rate peaked in August, September and October. It is necessary to control cockroaches before the peak appears.