目的 了解河北省鼠疫疫源地居民鼠疫健康素养状况，为制定鼠疫健康教育策略提供科学依据。方法 2016年在河北省鼠疫疫源地康保县2个社区随机抽取280名>18岁的常住居民，进行问卷调查；采用χ²检验和Fisher确切概率法对调查结果进行统计学分析。结果 2016年康保县居民鼠疫健康素养水平为32.26%，具备基本知识和理念、健康生活方式与行为和基本技能的比例分别为33.18%、52.53%和11.06%。不同性别（χ²=13.007，P<0.001）、年龄（χ²=8.409，P=0.015）、职业（χ²=12.489，P=0.005）及文化程度（χ²=44.717，P<0.001）居民鼠疫健康素养水平差异均有统计学意义，其中女性、≥ 60岁、农民、工人和小学及以下文化程度居民鼠疫健康素养水平较低。结论 在今后的鼠疫防治健康教育工作中，需要加强对老年人、工人及文化程度较低人群的健康教育工作。

Objective To understand the plague literacy status among residents in the plague foci in Hebei province, and provide scientific basis for the health education strategies of plague. Methods Two hundred and eighty residents over the age of 18 were selected randomly for questionnaire survey in two communities of Kangbao county; The χ² test and Fisher's exact probability method were used to analyze the results. Results The overall level of health literacy related to plague of residents in Kangbao county was 32.26%. The percentages of residents who had the basic health knowledge and concept was 33.18%, healthy lifestyle and behavior was 52.53%, and health related skills was 11.06%. The differences of health literacy related to plague were statistically significant among residents in different sex groups (χ²=13.007, P<0.001), age groups (χ²=8.409, P=0.015), occupations groups (χ²=12.489, P=0.005), and level of education groups (χ²=44.717, P<0.001). Among them the women, over 60 years old, farmers, workers and low-education residents had low levels of health literacy. Conclusion In the future, we need to strengthen the health education of plague for the elderly, the workers and individuals withlower education level.