目的 了解湖北省主要病媒生物种类、密度及季节消长情况，为预防和控制虫媒传染病的发生与流行提供参考数据。方法 2015年1-12月，在湖北省17个市（州）采用夹夜法和粘捕法监测鼠类及蜚蠊，使用诱蚊灯法和笼诱法在3-11月监测蚊虫及蝇类；采用SPSS 16.0和Excel 2003软件进行统计学分析。结果 湖北省2015年鼠平均密度为1.05%，以农村自然村鼠密度最高；蚊平均密度为1.95只/（灯·h），以牲畜棚最高；蝇类平均密度为2.13只/笼，以农贸市场最高；蜚蠊平均密度为0.22只/张，以餐饮店外环境和农贸市场相对较高。病媒生物优势种分别是褐家鼠、三带喙库蚊、家蝇及德国小蠊。不同生境的鼠、蚊、蝇、蜚蠊种群构成差异均有统计学意义。结论 基本掌握了湖北省主要病媒生物情况，建议各地按照全省病媒生物的实际情况采取防控措施。

Objective By monitoring disease vectors to grasp their community structure, density and seasonal fluctuation, and provide scientific data for prevention and control of vector-borne infectious diseases. Methods The disease vector surveillance was carried out in 17 cities and counties in 2015. Rodents and cockroaches were respectively monitored with traps set at night and glue traps; mosquitoes and flies were respectively monitored with mosquito lamps and cage traps. After data collection, SPSS 16.0 and Excel 2003 software were used to carry out the statistical analysis. Results Rodent density of the year was 1.05%, the highest rodent density was in villages. Mosquito density was 1.95 per lamp hour, the highest mosquito density was in livestock sheds. Fly density was 2.13 per cage, the highest fly density was in farmers' markets. Cockroach density was 0.22 per glue trap, the highest cockroach density was in farmers' markets and restaurant. The predominant species were Rattus norvegicus, Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Musca domestica, and Blattella germanica, respectively. The species composition of rodents, mosquitoes, flies, cockroaches all have statistical significance in different habitats. Conclusion The community structure and seasonal fluctuation of vectors in Hubei province were preliminarily known, control measures should be taken depending on the situation.