目的 观察飞机防治胡杨林春尺蠖对荒漠型黑热病的控制效果。方法 以荒漠型黑热病疫区巴楚县夏河林场和伽师县三乡作为研究现场，其中前者为实验区，后者作为对照区。实验区处理：2009年4月底用AT-402B型飞机，对3200 hm²胡杨林区害虫春尺蠖喷洒灭虫药；对照区处理：2008-2009年和2014-2016年荒漠型黑热病流行期，对黑热病患者住宅及其周边10户范围以内的宅院室内喷洒菊酯类卫生杀虫剂用于杀灭白蛉，2015年在此基础上增加了婴幼儿蚊帐防蛉措施。结果 实验区2009年飞机灭虫前，黑热病发病率维持在160/10万~260/10万，灭虫后连续7年在60/10万以下；对照区2010年后黑热病发病率下降到60/10万以下，但2014-2016年（6月）又分别回升至201/10万、602/10万和325/10万。结论 在荒漠型黑热病流行期，飞机灭虫比院落灭虫对疫情控制效果显著，且持续时间长。

Objective To observe the aerial control of Apocheima cinerarius in Populus euphratica for the impact on desert type kala- azar. Methods Xiahe forest farm of Bachu county was selected as treatment area and the third township of Jiashi county as control area in desert-type kala-azar epidemic areas of Tarim Basin, Xinjiang China. The treatment area:the insecticide was sprayed by AT-402B plane to kill pests(Apocheima cinerarius)in 3 200 hectares of P. euphratica forest during 7 to 25 of April in 2009. The control area:courtyard and indoor of the patient's residence and within around 10 residences were sprayed by pyrethroid insecticide during sandflies seasons during 2008 to 2009 and 2014 to 2016, plus mosquito nets to protect children in 2015. Results In the treatment area:the incidence of desert-type kala-azar was at 160/100 000-260/100 000 before aerial treatment of 2009, and the one followed at 60/100 000 after 7 years of the pest control consecutively; In the control area:the incidence was at 264/100 000 and 246/100 000 from 2008 to 2009, after a dip in 2010 at 60/100 000, rose again to 201/100 000, 602/100 000, and 325/100 000 in 2014, 2015, and 2016(to June). Conclusion Epidemic management of desert kala- azar by sand fly control in courtyard was less effective than aerial operation in P. euphratica, and also last shorter. The control effect of the aerial operations is significant for the desert type kala-azar, and last longer.