目的 调查内蒙古口岸地区鼠类分布及其携带病原体情况。方法 2014年5月至2015年4月，采用夹夜法捕获内蒙古口岸地区的鼠类并对其进行分类、分布调查，采用PCR或RT-PCR对鼠类样本进行鼠疫耶尔森菌（鼠疫菌）、伯氏疏螺旋体和汉坦病毒核酸检测。结果 共捕获鼠类19种828只，其中五趾跳鼠、达乌尔黄鼠和黑线仓鼠（背纹仓鼠）数量较多，分别占捕获总数的27.05%（224/828）、23.19%（192/828）和17.39%（144/828），各鼠种分布差异明显。在长耳跳鼠中检测出鼠疫菌；黑线仓鼠（背纹仓鼠）、长耳跳鼠、五趾跳鼠和达乌尔黄鼠中检测出伯氏疏螺旋体；在黑线仓鼠（背纹仓鼠）、长耳跳鼠、小家鼠、五趾跳鼠和达乌尔黄鼠中均检测出汉坦病毒。结论 内蒙古口岸地区鼠类分布广、种类多，存在鼠疫菌、伯氏疏螺旋体和汉坦病毒的自然感染，应加强鼠传疾病的监测和防控。

Objective To investigate the pathogen carrier in Inner Mongolia Manchuria port in 2014-2015, in order to provide material basic for further work in epidemic monitoring. Methods To investigate the distribution of rodents, and detect pathogens using PCR or RT-PCR method from May 2014 to April 2015 in Inner Mongolia port areas. Results A total of 828 rodents of 19 species, of which Allactaga sibirica, Spermophilus dauricus, and Cricetulus barabensis accounted for 27.05%(224/828), 23.19%(192/828), and 17.39%(144/828), respectively. There were significant differences in the distribution of rodent species. Detection of Yersinia pestis DNA from the Euchoreutes naso, of Borrelia burgdorferi from Cricetulus barabensis, Euchoreutes naso, Allactaga sibirica, S. dauricus, of Hantavirus from C. barabensis, E. naso, Mus musculus, A. sibirica, and S. dauricus. Conclusion There was a broad and diverse distribution of rodents in the Inner Mongolia. There were also natural infection with Y. pestis, B. burgdorferi, and Hantavirus. In the future, we should strengthen the monitoring and prevention and control of these diseases.